张敏 程伟 王玉双 伍善东 李一路 单世平

摘 要：在湖南宁乡、湖北大治、江西九江3地选择由不同母质发育而成的镉污染土壤进行早、晚稻连续施用土壤调理剂的田间试验，考察土壤调理剂对土壤pH值、土壤Cd有效态含量、稻米Cd含量等的影响。结果表明：与不施土壤调理剂的对照相比，不同母质发育而成的土壤，施用土壤调理剂后其pH值提高了0.32～0.80个单位，土壤中有效Cd含量下降了22.05%～66.10%，稻米Cd含量减少了33.22%～65.96%;同時，施用土壤调理剂还能提高水稻的经济性状，增加水稻产量，土壤调理剂用量为100 kg/667m2时，增产率为5.38%～8.10%;土壤调理剂用量为150 kg/667m2时，增产率为9.32%～11.15%。这说明土壤调理剂可有效改善酸性土壤理化性质，降低土壤镉的可移动性，减少水稻镉吸收，提升稻谷产量，进而提高经济效益。

关键词：土壤调理剂;成土母质;钝化效果;镉;土壤pH值

中图分类号：X53文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）07-0031-05

Abstract： In order to study the effects of “Dasanyuan” soil conditioner on soil pH， soil available Cd content， and rice Cd content for spring and autumn rice planting，  soil samples of Cd contaminated paddy fields from different parent materials were collected in Ningxiang of Hunan，  Jiujiang of Jiangxi and Dazhi of Hubei. The results showed that compared with the control （ no soil conditioner）， adding “Dasanyuan” soil conditioner increased soil pH values by 0.32-0.80 units， decreased soil available Cd contents by 22.05-66.10% ， and decreased rice Cd contents  by 33.22-65.96%;  it also improved the economic characters and yield of rice. Applied with 1500kg/hm2 and 2 250kg/hm2 of  “Dasanyuan” soil conditioner， the rice yields increased 5.38%-8.10% and 9.32-11.15%， respectively. The above results indicate that “Dasanyuan”soil conditioner can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties， lower the mobility of cadmium in soil， reduce cadmium uptake by rice， increase rice yield， and further enhance economic returns.

Key words： soil conditioner; soil parent materials; passivation; cadmium; soil pH

我国农田土壤重金属污染极为严重[1]，特别是镉（Cd）污染问题，引起了社会的广泛关注。据统计，我国的镉污染农田面积达到28.0万hm2，年产镉超标农产品数量超过150万t[2-4]。土壤中的Cd主要来源于成土母质及各种工业、农业活动。Cd可通过水稻的根吸收在各个器官内迁移累积，然后通过稻米进入食物链，危害人类健康[5-7]。研究表明，土壤调理剂可在一定程度上降低土壤重金属活性，从而减少农作物对重金属的吸收积累，实现农产品安全生产的目的[8-10]。

为了有效缓解稻田镉污染对水稻安全生产的影响，笔者在湖南宁乡、湖北大冶、江西……