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?水分运筹对大蒜生长特性及鳞茎产量、品质的影响

2020-09-02陆信娟刘灿玉樊继德赵永强张碧薇杨峰

湖南农业科学 2020年7期
关键词:产量

陆信娟 刘灿玉 樊继德 赵永强 张碧薇 杨峰

摘 要:为了明确适宜江苏徐淮地区大蒜生产的最佳水分运筹方式,选用“徐蒜918”为材料,以播种后、封冻前、返青期、抽薹期、鳞茎膨大期等生长节点为大蒜水分运筹的时间点,设计5个处理,研究了不同水分运筹对大蒜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:增加灌水次数可促进大蒜地上部的生长、提高根系活力、叶绿素含量及产量,其中以W5(播后+封冻前+返青期+抽薹期+鳞茎膨大期期浇水)的效果最好,其次是W4(播后+封冻前+返青期+抽薹期浇水),但增加浇水频次对大蒜鳞茎营养品质有一定的负面影响。

关键词:水分运筹;大蒜;生长特性;产量;品质

中图分类号:S633.4文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)07-0023-04

Abstract: In order to obtain the optimal irrigation scheme for garlic production in Xuhuai area of Jiangsu Province, the garlic cultivar "Xusuan 918" was used as the material to carry out the irrigation experiment. Taking 5 growth stages, i.e., after sowing, before freeze duration, start of growing season, bolting stage, bulb enlargement stage, as the time points for garlic irrigation management, five treatments were designed to study the effects of different irrigation schemes on garlic growth, yield and quality. The results indicated that garlic root activity, chlorophyll content and yield could be promoted by increasing irrigation frequency, and the garlic plant growth was also be stimulated. Compared with CK, treatment W5 (irrigation: after sowing+before freeze duration+ start of growing season+bolting stage+bulb enlargement stage) significantly improved garlic root activity, yield and chlorophyll content; the effect of treatment W4 (irrigation: after sowing+before freeze duration+start of growing season+bolting stage) was next to that of treatment W5. However, increasing watering frequency has a negative effect on the nutritional quality of garlic bulbs.

Key words: irrigation management; garlic; growth characteristics; yield; quality

大蒜為我国重要的出口创汇蔬菜。据FAO资料,我国2018年大蒜收获面积达79.3万hm2,是世界上最大的大蒜生产国与出口国;部分地区的大蒜产业已成为当地优势主导产业之一。随着大蒜产业的迅速发展,大蒜种植管理技术需进一步提高。大蒜喜湿,生产上一般视田间干旱程度进行灌溉管理,这种水分管理方式虽能及时减缓水分亏缺给大蒜生长造成的影响,但并不能满足大蒜不同生育期对水分的需求,难以充分发挥大蒜的丰产特性。虽然前人在大蒜栽培的多个领域进行了相关研究,如肥料运筹[1-3]、地膜覆盖[4-5]、外源激素应用[6]及病害防控[7]等,但在水分运筹方面研究相对较少。大蒜属于浅根系作物,对土壤水分要求比较严格。根据大蒜的生长发育特性,水分运筹一般应按照播种后、封冻前、返青期、抽薹期、鳞茎膨大期等生长节点进行;但是在实际生产上,水分运筹的主要依据是田间墒情,这样容易导致灌溉次数与时间不能与大蒜需水特性相契合。……

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