不同修剪强度下无患子新梢生长与开花结实情况
2020-09-02黄秋良范辉华张天宇姚湘明汤行昊黄宇
黄秋良 范辉华 张天宇 姚湘明 汤行昊 黄宇



摘 要:以4年生结果始期无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)无性系为材料,比较轻度(T1)、中度(T2)和重度修剪(T3)以及不修剪(CK)处理下无患子新梢萌发、生长与开花结实情况。结果表明:修剪强度显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)影响无患子无性系的新梢数量、新梢枝长和新梢基径。主成分分析显示,新梢数量(?0.3426)和新梢基径(0.7035)是影响无患子果实产量的主要因素,新梢数量和新梢基径影响了新梢的营养分布。经不同强度修剪后,无患子的新梢总数、开花枝数、开花枝率、结果枝数、结果枝率和果实产量均存在显著或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),T1、T2和T3的无患子无性系平均单株果实产量分别高出CK的4.99倍、7.28倍和1.54倍。可见,修剪可以有效調节无患子新梢的数量和质量并控制新梢营养的分布,对无患子幼林采用中度修剪,可提高无患子果实产量。
关键词:无患子;无性系;修剪强度;新梢生长;开花结实中图分类号:S5-33 文献标识码:A
Influence of Pruning Intensity on New Branch Growth and Flowering and Fruiting of Sapindus mukorossi
HUANG Qiuliang1, FAN Huihua2*, ZHANG Tianyu3, YAO Xiangming3, TANG Xinghao2, HUANG Yu2
1. Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; 2. Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350012, China; 3. Shunchang County Forestry Science and Technology Center, Shunchang, Fujian 353200, China
Abstract: Using the four-year-old start fruitingSapindus mukorossiclones as the material, the new branch sprouting, growth and flowering and fruiting under different pruning intensities, i.e., light (T1), moderate (T2), severe trimming (T3) and with no trimming (CK) were studied. Pruning intensity significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly (P<0.01) affected the new branch sprouting number, length and base diameter ofS. mukorossiclones. The number of new branches (?0.3426) and the new branch diameter (0.7035) were found to be the main factors influencing the yield ofS. mukorossiyield, and total number of new branches and the new branches diameter affected the nutrient distribution of the new branches. Significant or extremely significant differences in total number of new branches, number of flowering branches, flowering branch rate, number of vegetative branch, bearing branch ratio and fruit yield were found among the four treatments. Moreover, the average fruit yield per plant of T1, T2and T3was respectively 4.99 times, 7.28 times and 1.54 times higher than that of CK. Results obtained in the study indicated that pruning affected a lot in regulating the quantity and quality of new branches and in influencing the nutrient distribution of new branches. Besides, moderate pruning of youngS. mukorossitrees could increase the fruit yield ofS.mukorossi.
Keywords: Sapindus mukorossi; clones; pruning intensity; growth of new branch; flowering and fruiting
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.011
无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)又称木患子、油患子、洗手果等,为无患子科无患子属落叶大乔木,分布于热带和亚热带地区。我国主要分布于东部、南部至西南部[1]。无患子具有速生、适应性强、果实收获期长、果实含有丰富的皂苷和油脂等特点,是我国南方主要的木本油料能源与日用化工原料林[2-3]。无患子无性系‘GY1的果肉皂苷产出率74.39%,种仁油脂含油率43.26%,油脂不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86.63%。Wei等[4]提取无患子果皮的皂苷,测定其去污力和抗菌活性;Zhang等[5] 从无患子果实中发现2种新糖苷对人肺腺癌细胞有抑制作用,是重要的天然环境友好型洗涤剂和生物质能源[2, 6-8],产业化开发利用前景广阔。目前,在我国福建、云南、贵州、浙江等地已大面积种植[9]。无患子作为工业原料林,以果树方式进行经营和管理[10],但普遍存在果实产量产值较低的现象,缺乏科学的栽培技术是导致此问题的主要原因之一。
修剪是经济林集约经营管理的主要技术措施,不仅可以抑制树冠扩张、调节枝条的分布、控制树高和改善冠内光照条件,还可以平衡树势、调整营养生长与生殖生长间的关系,是实现提早结果和连年丰产的主要手段[11]。……
