张钦 姚单君 吴兴洪 冉斌 张爱华 王文华 况胜剑 朱青 曹卫东

摘  要：為了促进贵州观光农业与生态环境的协调发展，本研究对传统绿肥贵州山地景观化利用潜力进行评价。以贵州主要种植的传统绿肥光叶苕子（Vicia villosa var.）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）、箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativaL.）、肥田萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）、山黧豆（Lathyrus ciceraL.）、油葵（Oil-sunflower）、二月兰[Orychophragmus violaceus（L.） O.E. Schulz]为研究对象，分析其花朵时空分布特征、花朵视觉特性等景观效益，以及各绿肥作物的生长特性及养分效益。二月兰的开花时间最早，随后是肥田萝卜、山黧豆、紫云英，接着是光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆，而油葵是夏季绿肥，初花期为6月中旬，花穗期17～43 d，花期长短表现依次为二月兰>肥田萝卜>油葵>光叶苕子>紫云英>山黧豆>箭筈豌豆。花朵分布高度为油葵150～200 cm、肥田萝卜75～95 cm、二月兰与光叶苕子及箭筈豌豆25～50 cm、紫云英和山黧豆15～25 cm。单株花朵数光叶苕子最多。单朵花面积油葵最大。单株花面积光叶苕子最大。结合观光与保育目标，可利用绿肥作物打造2—3月间的二月兰蓝紫色花海，3—4月间的紫云英紫红色花海、肥田萝卜白色花海，4月间的光叶苕子紫色花海，6—7月间的油葵黄色花海，以丰富贵州观光休闲农业的观光色调，延长观光时间，实现观光品牌的多样化。

关键词：绿肥;景观;山地;农业;效益中图分类号：S142; S181      文献标识码：A

Evaluation of Landscape Utilization Potential of Traditional Green Manure in Guizhou

ZHANG Qin¹， YAO Danjun¹， WU Xinghong²， RAN Bin²， ZHANG Aihua¹， WANG Wenhua¹，KUANG Shengjian¹， ZHU Qing^1*， CAO Weidong³

1. Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer， Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences （GAAS） / Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， GAAS / Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment （Guizhou）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Guiyang， Guizhou 550006， China; 2. Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550025， China; 3. Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China

Abstract： To develop sightseeing agriculture and ecological environment and evaluate the utilization potential of mountain landscapes of traditional green manures in Guizhou， seven traditional green manures，Vicia villosavar.，Astragalus sinicus L.，Vicia sativaL.，Raphanus sativusL.，Lathyrus ciceraL.， Oil-sunflower，Orychophragmus violaceus（L.） O. E. Schulz， were studied. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics， visual characteristics of flowers and other landscape benefits， as well as the growth characteristics and nutrient benefits of green manure crops were analyzed. The flowering time ofO. violaceus（L.） O. E. Schulz was the earliest， followed byR. sativusL.，L. ciceraL.，A. sinicusL.，V. villosa var.，V. sativaL. Oil-sunflower was summer green manure. Its initial flowering stage was in mid-June and its florescence was 17-43 days. The length of flowering wasO. violaceus（L.） O. E. Schulz >R. sativusL. > Oil Sunflower >V. villosavar. >A. sinicusL. >L. ciceraL. >V. sativaL. Oil-sunflower，R. sativusL. was 150-200 cm， 75-95 cm high， respectively.O.violaceus （L.） O.E. Schulz，V. villosavar.，V. sativaL. was 25-50 cm high.A. sinicusL.，L. ciceraL. was 15-25 cm high.V. villosavar. had the most flowers， and Oil-sunflower had the largest flower area.V. villosavar. was the largest in the area of a plant. With regard to the goal of sightseeing and conservation， blue-violetO. violaceus（L.） O.E. Schulz could be planted between February to March， purplish redAs. sinicusL.， whiteR. sativusL. could be planted between March and April， and purpleV. villosavar. could be planted in April， yellow Oil-sunflower could be planted in June and July， which would enrich the color of Guizhou sightseeing agriculture， prolong the sightseeing time and diversify the tourism brand.

Keywords： green manure; scenery; mountain; agriculture; benefit

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.026

山地观光农业是融农业产业和观光休闲为一体的新型产业，我省提出观光农业要从自身特点出发，以市场为导向，坚持观光农业与生态环境的协调发展，使其不仅有休闲娱乐和农业生产的功能，而且在维持生态系统功能方面也起到重要作用。观光农业包括果园、花卉等……