海南典型农林废弃物生物炭特性分析
2020-09-02邹刚华戴敏洁赵凤亮单颖
邹刚华 戴敏洁 赵凤亮 单颖



摘 要:原料和裂解温度是影响生物炭属性的重要因子。选取海南椰壳、香蕉假茎、橡胶树枝等9种典型原料,分析其在3个温度下(300、500、700 ℃)真空裂解制备的生物炭属性及其内在关联,结果显示:(1)生物炭pH、碳氢比、比表面积和磷含量随温度升高而增加,而产率、氢和硫含量随温度升高而逐渐降低;碳氮含量、电导率以及钾、钙、镁、阳离子交换量等因原料不同随温度升高变化不一致;重金属含量都不超标。(2)生物炭中碳含量、碳氮比以及磷、钾、钙、镁含量与原料属性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。原料中钾含量是影响生物炭pH、电导率和阳离子交换量的重要因素。(3)综合考虑产率、含碳量、比表面积、阳离子交换量以及矿质元素等性质,蘑菇渣、椰子壳和香蕉茎生物炭表现最好,本研究可为我国热带地区筛选适宜生物炭原料提供参考。
关键词:原材料;温度;热带地区;生物炭;属性中图分类号:X71 文献标识码:A
Characteristics of Biochar Prepared from Hainan Typical Feedstocks in Different Temperatures
ZOU Ganghua, DAI Minjie, ZHAO Fengliang*, SHAN Ying
Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture / Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101
Abstract: Material and pyrolysis temperature have important effects on the properties of biochar. Nine typical feedstocks (e.g., coconut shell, banana stem, rubber branch and so on) in Hainan were selected to analyze the properties of the biochar prepared at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700 ℃), as well as the internal correlation. pH, C/H ratio, specific surface area (SSA), and P of the biochar increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased, whereas the yield, hydrogen and sulfur content decreased. Carbon or nitrogen content, electrical conductivity (EC), K, Ca and Mg content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of biochar presented different change with the increase of temperature due to varied raw materials. The content of heavy metals in the biochar was not beyond the concentration limited in standards. Carbon content, C/N ratio and P, K, Ca and Mg content in the biochar were all positively correlated with that in raw material (P<0.05). Potassium content in feedstocks had significant effects on pH, EC and CEC of biochar. Considering the properties of yield, carbon content, SSA, CEC and mineral elements, the biochars from mushroom residue, coconut shell and banana pseudostem were better. This conclusion would be helpful for feedstock selection for the biochar production in tropical areas.
Keywords: feedstock; temperature; tropical area; biochar; property
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.029
我国是农业大国,农林秸秆资源丰富,据估算2015年全国主要农作物秸秆理论资源量为10.4亿t,可收集资源量9.0亿t,利用量为7.2亿t[1],仍有大量农林秸稈及其他生物质资源没有得到有效利用。农业中常见秸秆处置方式为直接还田和燃烧,这些方式存在影响耕作、残留有害病菌、污染大气等问题,寻找合理的农林废弃物处理方式仍有待进一步研究。目前将农林废弃物炭化还田实现了良好的经济和环境效应[2],同时可避免直接燃烧带来的大气环境污染问题,还能提高养分利用效率,降低肥料损失[3-4]。
海南地处我国热带地区,丰富的水、光和热使得该地区生物质资源非常丰富,生物炭制备在原料供应上有充足保证。该地区由于强烈的淋洗作用,土壤肥力低、酸性强,土壤性能急需改善。生物炭是一种良好的土壤改良剂,其碱性特性能改善土壤酸性环境,调节土壤微生物群落结构[5]。……
