中美视角下的中国公共关系正当性研究
2020-08-31赵静
赵静


摘 要: 近年来,随着市场的不断扩大,公关人才需求激增,公共关系发展迅速,但其学科建设停增公关招生、撤销公关专业点、“黑公关”不良行径等,致使社会声誉不尽如人意。究其原因,是民众对公关正当性认知不足、群众认可度不高,致其发展面临诸多困境。以中美公共关系发展为视角,以公共关系正当性为切入点,从学科、企业及政府三个层面,分析非正当性原因,阐述两国公共关系发展异同处,总结发展经验,为中国公共关系正当性指明道路。
关键词: 公共关系;正当性;发展路径;中美比较
中图分类号: C 912.3 文献标志码: A
Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the market, the demand for public relations talents has surged, and public relations have developed rapidly. However, its discipline construction has stopped increasing public enrollment, revoked relevant discipline study faculties, and “Gangsterdom PR” behaved execrably, which resulted unsatisfactory social reputation. The reason is that the public lacks awareness of the legitimacy of public relations and its recognition is insufficient, resulting in many difficulties in its development. This article takes the development of Sino-US public relations as the perspective, takes the legitimacy of public relations as the starting point, analyzes the causes of the inequity from the three levels of disciplines, enterprises and governments, expounds the differences and similarities in the development of public relations between the two countries, summarizes the development experience, and points out the way for the legitimacy of public relations in China.
Key words: public relations (PR); legitimacy; development path; Sino-US comparison
政治方面,2019年習近平主席授予国际公共关系协会会长李道豫先生“外交工作杰出贡献者”国家荣誉称号;法国总统马克龙毕业于巴黎政治学院公共关系专业;美国总统特朗普的战略顾问来自公关世家希克斯。由此可见,公共关系受到政府高度认可,在社会各界设立舆情监控机构,维护政府形象已是大势所趋。企业方面,2018年公关行业市场年营业规模为627亿人民币,年增长率为11.9%,高于2018年GDP的增长速度。至今,公关公司已超2000家。学术研究方面,以“公共关系”为关键词搜索,题目中出现该词的文章有143 750篇,可见公共关系研究热度很高。
然而,公关的发展仍然困难重重。学科建设方面,公共关系面临专业设置逐年减少的困境,最初设置公关专业的中山大学已停招公关本科学生;政府方面,公职人员很少在公开场合发表支持公共关系的言论,很多机关单位也未设置公关部;企业方面,公关职能受到质疑和误解,本土公关公司出现发展动力不足等危机。……
