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欧盟报刊出版者邻接权的成因及启示

2020-08-25阮开欣

出版科学 2020年4期

阮开欣

[摘 要] 欧盟在2019年通过《数字化单一市场版权指令》,其中第15条规定的报刊出版者邻接权备受争议。在传统出版向数字出版转型的背景下,报刊出版者的收入不断降低,其难以在数字环境中持续生存。“二传”提供者的“搭便车”行为使报刊出版者难以获得相应的回报。而根据现行法律制度,报刊出版者往往无法直接要求“二传”提供者向其支付合理的经济补偿。从现实成因和制度成因来看,报刊出版者邻接权具有正当性。正确认识欧盟出版者权的立法成因对我国出版者权制度的构建具有启示意义。

[关键词] 报刊出版者 邻接权 版权指令 数字出版

[中图分类号] G231[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 1009-5853 (2020) 04-0032-07

Formation of EU Ancillary Copyright for Press Publishers and Its Implication: Under the Background of Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

Ruan Kaixin

(Intellectual Property School, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai,201620)

[Abstract] In 2009, EU passed Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, of which Article 15 providing ancillary copyright for press publishers is in controversy. As publishing industry shifts from print to digital, press publishers are in crisis of sustainability, of which the revenues keep decreasing. Free riding by “secondary distributors” makes press publishers hard to obtain their return. Under existing laws, press publishers have no right to directly seek reasonable compensation from “secondary distributors”. From the perspectives of reality cause and institutional cause, ancillary copyright for press publishers has justification. Correct understanding the legislative reason of the EU ancillary copyright provides guidance for China to establish Chinese ancillary copyright for press publishers.

[Key words] Press publishers Ancillary right Copyright Directive Digital publishing

2019年3月26日,《數字化单一市场版权指令》(以下简称《指令》)(Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, Directive (EU) 2019/790)在欧洲议会上以348票支持比278票反对的投票结果获得批准。同年4月15日的欧盟理事会上,《指令》以19个国家支持、6个国家反对、3个国家弃权的投票结果获得批准。这意味着欧盟正式通过了数字化单一市场战略下的版权指令,各成员国将在两年时间内调整国内法以符合《指令》的要求。欧盟的这项版权改革在全球范围受到长期关注,特别是《指令》第15条规定的报刊出版者邻接权(以下简称“出版者权”)备受争议。

著作权法中的邻接权也称为传播者权,是作品传播者对其传播作品过程中所作出的创造性劳动和投资所享有的权利。在数字技术日新月异的背景下,是否对于报刊出版者赋予邻接权是长期具有极大争议的问题。……

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