王侠 杨琴

[摘要] 目的 探讨并分析0～3岁藏族儿童生长发育状况及影响因素。 方法 选取2018年1～12月在林芝地区抽样检查的140名0～3岁幼儿作为本研究对象，对所有幼儿低体重、生长发育迟缓的发生情况及影响因素进行调查并分析。 结果 140名幼儿中共有11名出现低体重，占7.9%，16名出现生长迟缓，占11.4%，其中19～24月龄幼儿低体重及生长迟缓的发生率均低于其他月龄幼儿（χ2=4.013，P<0.05）;家庭年收入较低、出现低出生体重、近期患病以及糌粑喂养的幼儿其低体重及生长发育迟缓的发生率均高于家庭年收入较高、未出现低出生体重及近期患病以及未进行糌粑喂养的幼儿（P<0.05）;幼儿低体重与其家庭年收入、低出生体重、近期患病与糌粑喂养均具有相关性，而幼儿生长迟缓则仅与低出生体重及糌粑喂養具有相关性（P<0.05）。 结论 0～3岁的藏族儿童存在低体重及生长迟缓等情况，并与幼儿家庭年收入、出生低体重以及幼儿近期患病等因素有关，通过对幼儿可能出现的高危因素进行分析，进而添加母乳强化剂进行有效的干预，并达到促进幼儿生长发育的目的。

[关键词] 0～3岁;藏族儿童;生长发育;低体重;生长迟缓

[中图分类号] R174.7          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）18-0156-03

Investigation analysis of growth and development status and influencing factors of 0-3 year-old Tibetan children

WANG  Xia   YANG  Qin

Department of Pediatrics， Nyingchi People's Hospital， Nyingchi   860000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore and analyze the growth and development status and influencing factors of 0-3 year old Tibetan children. Methods A total of 140 children aged 0-3 years old who were sampled in Nyingchi area from January to December 2018 were selected as the subjects of this study. The occurrence and influencing factors of low weight and growth retardation of all young children were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 11 out of 140 children had low body weight， accounting for 7.9%， and 16 had growth retardation， accounting for 11.4%. Among them， the incidence of low body weight and growth retardation in 19-24 month old children was lower than that of other month old children（χ2=4.013， P<0.05）. The incidence of low birth weight and growth retardation of children with low annual family income， low birth weight， recent illnesses， and Zaba feeding was higher than that of infants with high annual family income and without low birth weight， recent illnesses or Zaba feeding（P<0.05）. Low weight in young children was related to their annual family income， low birth weight， recent illness and Zaba feeding， while infant growth retardation was only correlated with low birth weight and Zaba feeding（P<0.05）. Conclusion Tibetan children aged 0-3 years old have low weight and growth retardation， which are related to factors such as the family income of young children， low birth weight and the recent illness of young children. The breast milk fortifier is added for effective intervention by analyzing the possible high-risk factors of young children， to achieve the purpose of promoting the growth and development of young children.

[Key words] 0-3 years old; Tibetan children; Growth and development; Low weight; Growth retardation

儿童的生长发育状况是对其健康及营养状况进行有效反映的重要指标。儿童营养不良不仅会影响其体格发育，同时也会对儿童智力及大脑发育产生影响[1]。此外，儿童营养不良患病率的高低也是当地膳食营养状况、卫生保健、文化教育及社会经济水平等的综合反映[2]。本研究经过对西藏林芝0～3岁的藏族儿童生长发育状况进行总结，从而对其影响因素进行分析，以便制定科学、合理的改善措施，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2018年1～12月在林芝地区抽样检查的140名0～3岁幼儿作为本研究对象，其中男75名，女65名。所有幼儿家长均知情并同意本研究，同时排除合并遗传性及先天性系统器官功能障碍的患儿。

1.2 方法

采用世界卫生组织最新规定的标准统计量检定法（Z值法）对纳入本研究的幼儿进行年龄别身长Z评分（WAZ）以及年龄别体重Z评分（HAZ），并对其身体状况进行综合评估，其生长发育情况判定的主要标准为：WAZ<-2分则为低体重，HAZ<-2分则为生长迟缓。同时对纳入研究幼儿的月龄、性别出生体重、其家庭年收入状况、母乳喂养、母亲受教育程度以及近2周内是否存在呼吸道及消化类疾病，是否存在糌粑喂养等情况进行调查并记录。上述调查内容均由曾接受过预防医学专业知识及妇幼医学教育的专业人员进行分析，并对调查结果进行记录并比较。

1.3 观察指标

对不……