孙淑娟 丛林

[摘要] 众所周知，近视可由遗传、外界环境、不良用眼习惯等综合性因素导致，主要预防措施为定期进行视力筛查，并及时对症治疗，与此同时养成良好用眼习惯，保持充足睡眠，保证一定运动量及营养均衡。若判定为近视，可通过光学镜片、西药治疗及中医治疗等方式延缓度数增加，若以上方式均无效，还可通过手术方式进行矫正。目前，近视给青少年的健康及成长带来的重大影响已成为公论，故我国近视低龄化问题也越发受到社会各界的关注。针对社会人群而言，了解近视成因，对精准预防与有效控制格外重要。本文对近年来文献报道进行总结，从近视形成原因、预防、筛查及控制措施等方面进行综述。

[关键词] 青少年儿童;近视;形成原因;防控措施

[中图分类号] R778.11          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）18-0189-04

Causes and progress in prevention and control of myopia in adolescents and children

SUN Shujuan   CONG Lin

Department of Food and School Health，Anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Liaoning Province，Anshan   114002，China

[Abstract] It is known that myopia can be caused by heredity，external environment，illhabit of eye-using and other comprehensive factors. The main preventive and control measures are regular visual screening and timely symptomatic treatment. Meanwhile， it is necessary to develop healthy eye-using habits， keep enough sleep， and ensure certain exercise and balanced nutrition. If it is judged as myopia，the increase of degree can be delayed by means of optical lens，western medicine treatment，and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. If the above means are ineffective， it can also be corrected by surgical means. At present，the significant impact of myopia on the health and growth of adolescents has become a public issue， thus the youngerage trend of myopia in China has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. For the social population，it is particularly important to understand the causes of myopia， and perform precise prevention and effective control. This paper summarizes the literature reports in recent years， and reviews the causes， prevention， screening and control measures of myopia.

[Key words] Adolescents and children; Myopia; Causes; Preventive and control measures

眼睛識别物象的能力称为视力，视力又可分为识别远方物象的远视力及识别近处物象的近视力。近视是指在正常放松状态下，来自5 m以外的平行光线经眼球屈光系统聚焦在视网膜之前导致视物模糊的病理状态，属于屈光不正的一种类型，表现为远视力下降[1-2]。研究报道，东亚及东南亚地区青少年患近视的比率为80%～90%，而我国学龄期近视患病率高于70%。近视的发生一般是不可逆的，即一般形成近视则很难完全恢复，若在青少年时期不加以有效防控，近视可能进一步加重，随着年龄的推移甚至会导致眼部的一些严重病变，诱发一系列如青光眼、白内障等并发症。……