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杜鹃兰无公害种植体系研究

2020-08-19吴沙沙戴中武凌瑞董钠孟祥霄翟俊文丁长春

世界中医药 2020年15期

吴沙沙 戴中武 凌瑞 董钠 孟祥霄 翟俊文 丁长春

摘要 杜鹃兰(Cremastra appendiculata)为兰科(Orchidaceae)重要药用和观赏植物,目前其规模化栽培技术并不成熟,且存在连作障碍、病虫害高发、高农药残留等问题,开展无公害栽植技术研究能够保证高品质规范化生产。依据云南省文山市大里普基地和四川省乐山市马边县老河坝乡大河坝多年杜鹃兰无公害生产数据,结合杜鹃兰的研究现状,针对杜鹃兰无公害栽培基地选址、土壤改良、种植管理、病虫害防治技术等,来建立杜鹃兰无公害精细栽植体系。

关键词 杜鹃兰;无公害种植;栽培选地;土壤改良;综合防治

Planting System Research on Pollution-free Cultivation of Cremastra Appendiculata

WU Shasha1,2, DAI Zhongwu1,2, LING Rui1,2, DONG Na1,2, MENG Xiangxiao3, ZHAI Junwen1,2, DING Changchun4

(1 College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2 Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fuzhou 350002, China; 3 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; 4 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Wenshan 663099, China)

Abstract Cremastra appendiculata is an important medicinal and ornamental orchid. At present, big scale cultivation techniques of C. appendiculata are not mature. There are many problems such as continuous cropping obstacles, high incidence of diseases and insect pests, high pesticide residues and so on. Carrying out pollution-free planting technology research can ensure high-quality standardized production. Based on the data of the non-polluted production of Cremastra appendiculata for many years, and data from the Dalipu Base in Wenshan City in Yunnan Province and the Daheba Township in Laoheba Township, Mabian County, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, combined with the research status of Cremastra appendiculata, aiming at the site of the pollution-free cultivation base of Cremastra appendiculata, soil improvement, planting management, pest control technology, etc., a fine planting system of Cremastra appendiculata without pollution is established.

Keywords Cremastra appendiculata; Pollution-free cultivation; Cultivation site selection; Soil improvement; Integrated control

中圖分类号:R282;S567文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.15.010

杜鹃兰(Cremastra appendiculata)为兰科(Orchidaceae)杜鹃兰属多年生草本植物,其假鳞茎干燥后称毛慈菇,可入药,为重要紧缺中药材[1]。毛慈菇具有清热解毒,化痰散结之功效,可用于痈肿疔毒,瘰疬痰核,蛇虫咬伤,癍瘕痞块等的治疗[2]。现代医学研究表明,杜鹃兰中有可用于治疗乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌等恶性肿瘤的有效成分,其对造血系统有一定的影响,可用于调节免疫系统,具有降糖、降压、抗菌等作用[3-4]。除具有极高的药用价值外,杜鹃兰还具有较高的观赏价值,使其经济价值不断攀升。见图1。

正因杜鹃兰具有极高的药用价值与经济价值,人们长期大量的对其野外采挖导致野外生境的破坏,野生杜鹃兰资源锐减甚至濒临灭绝[5]。伴随着中药产业的飞速发展,人工栽培已成为解决杜鹃兰资源短缺的主要方式,但由于不合理的栽植选地、不成熟的土壤消毒及改良方法、不规范的药物使用及田间管理手段等,导致杜鹃兰药材品质低劣,农药残留、重金属等含量超标,不符合国家对合格中药材生产的规定。……

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