毛明强　翟艳敏　封亮　贾晓斌

摘要 汤剂古称“汤液”，是指药材饮片或粗粉颗粒先加水浸泡后再适量煎煮，去渣取汁而得到的液体制剂。汤剂在中医药技术的指导下，随证加减，用法灵活。其一般制备方法如先煎、后下、包煎、单煎、烊化等对中药的临床疗效十分重要。中药配方颗粒在中医理论的指导下，以传统汤剂为参照，为实现现代化、规范化产业化的目标。本文从传统汤剂的制备入手，结合配方颗粒中对药材前处理技术、针对不同药性的提取技术、高效节能的浓缩技术、干燥制粒技术等现代制备技术，比较发现两者的异同，为中药配方颗粒的未来发展提供思路。

关键词 汤剂;煎煮特征;制备技术;中药配方颗粒;未来发展

Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Granules Preparation Technology Based on Decoction Characteristics

MAO Mingqiang1，2，ZHAI Yanmin1，3，FENG Liang1，JIA Xiaobin1

（1 School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy，China Pharmaceutical University，Nanjing，211198，China; 2 School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science，Changzhou University，Changzhou 213164，China; 3 School of Pharmacy，Jiangsu University，Zhenjiang 212013，China）

Abstract The decoction is called “the soup liquid” in the old days，and refers to a liquid preparation obtained by soaking medicinal materials or coarse powder particles with water and then decoction in an appropriate amount to remove the residue and extract the juice.Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）technology，the decoction can be added or subtracted according to the syndrome，and its usage is flexible.The general preparation methods such as decoction first，followed by decocting，package decoction，single decoction，and melting by heat are very important to the clinical efficacy of TCM.Under the guidance of TCM theory，traditional decoctions are used as a reference to achieve the goal of modernization，standardization and industrialization.This paper starts with the preparation of traditional decoctions，combining the pre-treatment technology of medicinal materials in formula granules.Aiming at extraction technology for different medicinal properties，high-efficiency and energy-saving concentration technology，dry granulation technology and other modern preparation technologies，the similarities and differences between the 2 were compared，providing ideas for the future development of formula granules.

Keywords Decoction; Characteristics of decocting; Preparation Technology; Chinese medicine formula granules; Future development

中圖分类号：R283.6文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.15.006

汤剂源于中药饮片，其临床应用最为广泛[1]，但存在一定的局限性，包括使用不方便，质量不稳定，疗效不易重现等问题。难以满足现代社会对药物（三小、三效、五方便）的要求。中药配方颗粒针的发展旨在解决汤剂面临的问题中药材经筛选，炮制，提取，浓缩，分离纯化，低温干燥，制粒包装等一系列流程制成中药配方颗粒[2]。中药配方颗粒在传统饮片汤剂的基础上进行技术改进，不仅保持原饮片药效、药性而且有着可辨证施治、随证加减，使用方便，质量稳定可控，药效易重现等优点[3]。从1987年提出改革和研究，到2016年拟制定出中药配方颗粒的国家统一标准，历经30余年发展，足以彰显其重要程度。

3.3 β-环糊精包合技术 β-环糊精包合工艺，以α-1，4糖甙键连接而成的一种环状低聚糖化合物将药物分子包裹于其中形成一类非键化合物的制备技术。……