石油管线管道壁缺陷检测的X射线背散射技术模拟
2020-08-13李会李德源闫学文牛蒙青
李会 李德源 闫学文 牛蒙青



摘 要:利用无损检测技术确保石油管道基础设施的安全性、效率、环境完整性和合规性有重要意义。文章借鉴X射线穿透能力强和背散射单侧成像技术优势,并整合现代智能机器人技术,提出了管内智能X射线背散射无损检测机器人的设计概念,并采用蒙特卡洛软件(Geant4)模拟设计了系统的核心——X射线背散射成像系统,进一步模拟了该系统对管内缺陷的检测性能。模拟结果表明,采用X射线背散射检测技术能对管壁厚度4mm及以上缺损进行检测并能对1mm宽度及以上的裂缝进行检测,检测系统还可以进一步改进提高分辨能力。
关键词:X射线背散射成像;石油管道在线检测;无损检测技术
中图分类号:TH878.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)24-0138-03
Abstract: The use of non-destructive inspection techniques to ensure the safety, efficiency, environmental integrity and compliance of oil pipeline infrastructure is very important. This paper proposes the concept of an intelligent X-ray backscattering nondestructive in-line inspection robot using the advantages of the high penetrating ability of X-rays, the single-sided arrangement of backscattering imaging technology and the modern intelligent robot technology. The Monte Carlo software (Geant4) has been used to model and design the core of the proposed X-ray backscatter imaging system, and further used to simulate the detection performance of defects. The simulation results show that the X-ray backscattering detection technology can detect the variation of the defects of wallswith a thickness of 4 mm and above and the cracks with a width of 1 mm and above in the pipe. The detection system could be further improved in resolution.
Keywords: X-ray backscatter imaging; in-line inspection of petroleum pipelines; nondestructive testing technology
引言
管道運营商最重要的是确保其管道基础设施的安全性、效率、完整性和合规性。其中,影响钢管壁完整性的两个关键是金属损失,即由于腐蚀或气刨导致的管壁变薄,以及裂缝[1]。这就需要一种在线检测工具能够测定管道尺寸和定位管道壁的各种特征并提供有关此类特征的形状、方向和位置的准确数据。
目前常用的在线检测工具(智能猪)中应用了多种无损检测技术,漏磁、涡流和超声检测技术原理均可用于探测金属损失和管道尺寸测量[1,3];其中超声在线检测技术基于壁厚直接或线性测量,因此具有高准确度和灵敏度;但自动超声在线检测系统存在设备投资大、维护费用高、缺乏自动超声检测标准、对操作人员要求高等不足。……
