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我国跨项和跨界运动员选材的思考

2020-08-12谷瑶

当代体育科技 2020年18期

谷瑶

摘  要:多年专项选材是我国运动员选材的重要途径,但也有跨项和跨界选材现象的出现。本文采用文献资料法对相关的内容进行了总结,并在此基础上提出了跨项和跨界选材是传统选材的补充,新兴项目应重视系统选材体制的建设,提高跨项和跨界选材的准确性及“早选材、早定项、早成才”可减少运动人才流失的观点,为我国跨项和跨界选材的准确性及成才率的提高,提供新思路。

关键词:跨项 跨界  选材  冬奥会  早期专项化

中图分类号:G807.3                                文献标识码:A                       文章编号:2095-2813(2020)06(c)-0038-02

Consideration on the selection of cross-item and cross-border athletes in China

Gu Yao

(College of Physical Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023)

Abstract: Special selection for many years is an important way of selecting athletes in our country, but there is also the phenomenon of cross-item, cross-border selection. This paper summarizes the relevant contents by the method of literature, and puts forward that cross-item, cross-border selection is the supplement of traditional selection. New projects should pay attention to the construction of system selection system, improve the accuracy of cross-item, cross-border selection and "early selection, early determination, early talent" can reduce the brain drain of sports, and provide new ideas for the accuracy of cross-item, cross-border selection and the improvement of talent rate.

Key Words: Cross-item; Cross-border; Selection; Winter Olympics; Early specialization

1  我國运动员选材取得的成果与问题

1.1 我国运动选材取得的成果

我国近几届的奥运会成绩表明了我国运动员选材理论系统较为完善;学者们对运动选材的研究也在逐步加大,从近两年我国的发文量可以看出,跨项和跨界选材是当今该领域较“热”的研究话题,并在备战2020年冬奥会中运用了跨项和跨界选材。

跨项和跨界选材的目的在于,可使运动员转入新项目后能够更好地发挥竞技潜能,20世纪90年代最早关注到这一现象的王大卫称之为“转项成才”,并对此进行了专门性研究[1],经过长期研究发现青少年体校运动员转项训练的人数占总人数的59.7%、省专业队运动员转项人数占总人数的22.8%[2]。我国“跨项”选材已有较多的成功案例,如我国皮划艇奥运会冠军奚爱华曾是一名标枪运动员、家喻户晓的110m栏世界冠军刘翔曾是一名跳高运动员、连续2届奥运会跆拳道卫冕冠军陈中曾是一名篮球运动员等。……

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