郝科星 苏东涛 侯东颖 李晋陵 张曼 侯富恩 张涛

摘    要： ‘晋绿无籽3号是以自交系‘GR4X-1为母本、自交系‘2x-45为父本杂交育成的椭圆形大果型绿皮红瓤三倍体无籽西瓜新品种。该品种中晚熟，春季露地栽培全生育期110 d左右，果实发育期40 d左右。植株长势强，果实椭圆形，果形指数1.22，果皮绿色覆细条纹，果皮厚度1.2 cm，易坐果。三倍体种子大小中等，种皮黄褐色，千粒重63 g左右。平均单果质量6.1 kg，商品果率超过92%。瓜瓤大红色，瓤质脆，中心可溶性固形物含量（w，后同）12.1%左右，边部9.3%左右。667 m2产量在4 200 kg以上，无籽性好，品质优，耐贮运，抗病性强，适应性强。适宜山西各地春提早保护地及露地种植。2017通过中华人民共和国农业部非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词： 无籽西瓜; 三倍体; 新品种; ‘晋绿无籽3号

中国分类号： S651 文献标志码： A 文章编号： 1673-2871（2020）07-079-04

Abstract： ‘Jinlü Wuzi No. 3 is a new triploid seedless watermelon by crossing tetraploid line ‘GR4X-1as female parent with diploid line ‘2x-45 as male parent. Its a mid-late maturing variety. The fruit matures 110 days from sowing and 40 days from flowering under open field production in spring. It has strong growth vigor.It is easy to set fruit. The fruit is oval shaped with green skin and narrow stripes， the fruit index is 1.22. The size of seeds is medium. The seed coat is yellow-brown， and the thousand seeds weight is about 63 g. The average fruit weight is 6.1 kg. The flesh is red and crispy. The average soluble solid content is about 12.1% in the center and 9.3% in the edge. Its yield per 667 m2 can reach 4200 kg and above. It has good seedless character， over 92% of marketable rate， high quality. The rind is durable for transportation with 1.2 cm in thickness. It is highly resistant to disease.  This cultivar is suitable for protected and open field cultivation in early spring in Shanxi.

Key words： Seedless watermelon; Triploid; New cultivar; ‘Jinlü Wuzi No. 3

1 育種目标

三倍体无籽西瓜由于具有多倍体优势和杂种优势，其抗病性、耐湿性强，优质、无籽、耐贮运，深受种植者和消费者欢迎，据国家西甜瓜产业技术体系统计：目前全国西瓜种植面积153.3万～166.7万hm2[1-2]。同时据全国无籽西瓜科研与生产协作组的不完全统计，全国三倍体无籽西瓜栽培面积约26.7万hm2，占我国西瓜栽培面积的23.4%[3]。

随着我国西瓜产业的快速发展，大果型无籽西瓜品种越来越受到种植户和消费者的喜爱，在无籽西瓜主产区占很重要的比例[4]。2007年以来，山西省农业科学院农业资源与经济研究所等科研单位先后审定了‘晋花无籽‘晋阳无籽‘墨抗无籽‘墨抗无籽2号等新品种，预示着山西省无籽西瓜产业正从单一的外省引进向本省独有的品种发展，加之山西无籽西瓜推广面积稳步有升，累计推广面积6 667 hm2，取得了不菲的经济效益。……