牛天航 何志学 颉建明 毛震宇 何东霞 秦海娟

摘    要：為了明确不同施肥处理对大棚越冬韭菜生长、产品品质及肥料利用率的影响，以不施肥（CK1）、普通化肥常规施肥量（CK2）为对照，研究缓释肥常规施肥量（T1）、缓释肥减量施肥（T2）及普通化肥减量施肥（T3）对韭菜生长、品质及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，T2处理与CK2、T1、T3相比，可显著提升大棚越冬韭菜产量，改善品质，提高肥料利用率。T2处理较CK2、T1和T3处理的硝酸还原酶活性分别提高73.70%、11.39%和61.78%，维生素C含量提高66.48%、13.48%和3.21%，可溶性糖含量增加0.62、0.45和0.53个百分点，可溶性蛋白含量增加7.19%、0.80%和3.21%，粗纤维含量减少1.90、0.55和1.51个百分点，硝酸盐含量降低11.72%、4.95%和11.52%，产量分别提高32.99%、5.16%和16.33%，氮肥利用率提高17.16、9.62和8.59个百分点。综合产品的品质、产量和肥料利用率，缓释肥减量施肥处理，即N 29.2 kg·667 m-2、P2O5 12.0 kg·667 m-2、K2O 21.6 kg·667 m-2，具有增产、改善品质和提高肥料利用率的特点，实现了缓释肥替代普通化肥、普通化肥减施及平衡施肥，可以作为塑料大棚越冬韭菜栽培适宜的肥料用量。

关键词：韭菜;缓释肥;减量施肥;品质;肥料利用率

中图分类号：S633.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-064-07

Abstract： In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth， product quality and fertilizer utilization rate of wintering Chinese chives in greenhouses， non-fertilization （CK1） and conventional fertilization （CK2）were used as controls in this experiment， and the effect of three treatments （conventional fertilization （T1）， slow-release fertilizer reduction fertilization （T2） and ordinary chemical fertilizer reduction fertilization （T3）） on the growth of Chinese chives， product quality and fertilizer utilization rate were investigated. The results showed that compared with CK2， T1 and T3， T2 treatment could significantly increase the yield of winter Chinese chives in greenhouses， improve quality and increase fertilizer utilization. Compared with CK2， T1 and T3， in the T2 treatment， the nitrate reductase activity was increased by 73.70%， 11.39% and 61.78%， the product vitamin C content was increased by 66.48%， 13.48% and 3.21%， and the soluble sugar content was increased by 0.62%， 0.45% and 0.53%， soluble protein content was increased by 7.19%， 0.80% and 3.21%， crude fiber content was decreased by 1.90%， 0.55%， and 1.51%， nitrate content was decreased by 11.72%， 4.95% and 11.52%， and output was increased by 32.99%， 5.16% and 16.33%， nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 17.16%， 9.62% and 8.59%， respectively.. Comprehensive product quality， yield and fertilizer utilization rate， slow-release fertilizer with reduced fertilization （N 29.2 kg per 667 m2， P2O5 12.0 kg per 667 m2， K2O 21.6kg per 667 m2）showed the characteristics of increasing yield， improving product quality and increasing fertilizer utilization rate， which realized the replacement of slow-release fertilizerto ordinary chemical fertilizers， it can be used as the most suitable fertilizer amount for winter Chinese chives in plastic greenhouses cultivation.

Key words： Chinese chives; Slow release fertilizer; Reduced fertilization; Quality; Fertilizer utilization

施肥对促进作物生长发育和提高蔬菜产量具有重要作用。盲目施肥、过量施肥是当前蔬菜生产中存在的重要问题，在设施栽培中尤为突出。有数据表明，我国耕地单位面积化肥施用量居高不下，约为世界平均水平的3.9倍[1]。较高的施肥量会抑制作物对养分的吸收，不仅没有获得高产，还使蔬菜的品质下降，造成养分施用过量、肥料利用率降低，同时污染环境，严重影响人们的健康，降低了农业生产的经济效益[2]。……