张成 谢雁鸣 王志飞 高阳 王涵 庄严

摘要 通过采集全国39家医院信息管理系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）中1998—2016年收录的醒脑静注射液用药人群临床特征信息，经数据规范化后，进行描述性分析。统计结果显示，53 075例住院患者中男性（62.02%）多于女性（37.98%），年龄中位数为58岁。进一步以性别分层后发现男性患者（7 564例，29.35%）和女性患者（4 970例，31.51%）均以45～65岁最多。入住科室主要为神經科（40.09%）。患者西医合并疾病以高血压病（25.29%）和脑梗死（14.75%）占比较高。患者单次给药剂量的中位数为20 mL，用药天数3 d以下占比最高（16 736例，32.55%）。临床常合并使用的西药为维生素类（62.64%）、氯化钾（58.43%）、氨溴索（美舒咳）（51.60%）、甘露醇（41.83%），中药合并用药以痰热清注射液（31.82%）、丹红注射液（9.37%）居多，其次为蛇胆陈皮散（7.28%）、当归丸（7.11%）。醒脑静注射液临床用药人群以45～65岁的男性为主，神经科使用居多。临床应用的常见合并疾病有高血压病、脑梗死、肺部感染、冠心病等，与说明书功能主治基本相符，但存在超说明书使用剂量、违反说明书注意事项的问题，仍需广大医生在临床治疗中予以注意。

关键词 醒脑静;真实世界;大数据;医院信息管理系统;描述性分析;临床用药;特征分析

Abstract The clinical characteristics information of the patients using Xingnaojing Injections from 1998 to 2016 in the 39 hospital information system （HIS） were collected and descriptively analyzed after data standardization.The statistical results showed that 53，075 hospitalized patients were more male （62.02%） than females （37.98%），and the median age was 58 years old.Further stratification by gender found that male patients （7 564，29.35%） and female patients （4 970，31.51%） were mostly at 45-65 years old.The department was mainly neurology （40.09%）.The diseases of patients with combined with Western medicine were high blood pressure （25.29%） and cerebral infarction （14.75%） accounting for a relatively high proportion.The median number of a single dose was 20 mL，and the highest proportion of the number of drug use days was less than 3 days （16，736，32.55%）.The Western medicines often used in combination were vitamins （62.64%），potassium chloride （58.43%），ambroxol （Misoshu） （51.60%），mannitol （41.83%），and the most common combination of traditional Chinese medicine were mostly Tanqing Liquid （31.82%） and Danhong Injection （9.37%），followed by Shedan Chenpi Powder （7.28%） and Danggui Pills （7.11%）.The clinical medication use population of Xingnaojing Injection was mainly males aged 4～65 years old，and most of them were used in the department of neurology.The common combined diseases in clinical application include hypertension，cerebral infarction，pulmonary infection，and coronary heart disease etc.，which were basically consistent with the indications of the instructions.However，there are problems in using the dosage of the manual and in violation of the instructions，and doctors still need pay attention to it in clinical treatment.

Keywords Xingnaojing; Real world; Big data; Hospital Information System; Descriptive analysis; Clinical medication; Characteristics

中图分类号：R286;R277.7文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.13.019

醒脑静注射液（无锡济民可信山禾药业股份有限公司生产）源于中药经典名方“安宫牛黄丸”，由麝香、郁金、冰片、栀子4味中药配伍并提取精制的中药静脉注射液[1]。其功效主要为清热泻火、凉血解毒、开窍醒脑、行气活血[2]。药理学研究表明，醒脑静注射液能透过血脑屏障，直接调节中枢神经系统，有抗氧化及……