杭州地区无偿献血者血液筛查中丙型肝炎病毒残余风险的评估
2020-08-06董杰祝宏凌霞励晓涛戴兵朱发明
董杰 祝宏 凌霞 励晓涛 戴兵 朱发明

[摘要] 目的 評估杭州地区无偿献血者血液筛查过程中丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis c virus,HCV)的残余风险。 方法 回顾分析本中心2016年1月~2017年12月无偿捐献全血者284 691例次,HCV血液筛查流程采用两次酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和一次核酸检测(Nucleic acid test,NAT)模式。利用流行率-窗口期残余风险模型对初次献血者和重复献血者进行HCV残留风险评估。 结果 杭州地区捐献全血的初次献血者HCV检测阳性率显著高于重复献血者(P<0.01)。初次献血者HCV流行率为每10万4.530(95%CI:2.712~5.211),ELISA检测残余风险为每百万7.446(95%CI:4.458~8.565), NAT检测残余风险每百万0.621(95%CI:0.372~0.714)。重复献血者HCV流行率为每10万1.510(95%CI:0.904~1.737),ELISA检测残余风险为每百万2.482(95%CI:1.486~2.855), NAT检测残余风险每百万0.207(95%CI:0.124~0.238)。 结论 开展血液核酸检测可明显降低HCV血液筛查的残余风险,杭州地区输血传播HCV的残留风险处于非常安全水平。
[关键词] 残余风险;丙型肝炎病毒;无偿献血者;血液筛查
[中图分类号] R512.62 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)16-0144-04
An assessment of residual risk of hepatitis C virus in blood screening of unpaid blood donors in Hangzhou area
DONG Jie1,2 ZHU Hong1,2 LING Xia1,2 LI Xiaotao1,2 DAI Bing1,2 ZHU Faming1,2
1.Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China; 2.Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research,Hangzhou 310052, China
[Abstract] Objective To assess the residual risk of hepatitis C virus(HCV) in blood screening of unpaid blood donors in Hangzhou area. Methods 284,691 cases of whole blood donors in our center from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The HCV blood screening process adopted the mode of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA) and one nucleic acid test(NAT). The prevalence rate-window period residual risk model was used to assess the residual risk of HCV in first time and repeat blood donors. Results The positive rate of HCV detection in first time blood donors in Hangzhou area was significantly higher than that in repeat blood donors(P<0.01). Among first time blood donors, the prevalence rate of HCV was 4.530 per 100 000(95%CI:2.712-5.211), the residual risk of ELISA was 7.446 per million(95%CI: 4.458-8.565), and the residual risk of NAT was 0.621 per million(95%CI: 0.372-0.714) per million. Among repeat blood donors, the prevalence rate of HCV was 1.510 per 100 000(95%CI: 0.904-1.737), the residual risk of ELISA was 2.482 per million(95%CI: 1.486-2.855), and the residual risk of NAT was 0.207 per million(95%CI: 0.124-0.238). Conclusion Blood nucleic acid testing can significantly reduce the residual risk of HCV blood screening. The residual risk of HCV transmission through blood transfusion in Hangzhou is at a very safe level.
[Key words] Residual risk; Hepatitis C virus(HCV); Unpaid blood donors; Blood screening
我國法规要求采供血机构必须对献血者血液进行人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒螺旋体等病原体标志物的筛查,检测方法为酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和核酸检测(Nucleic acid test,NAT)技术。尽管经过严格规范的筛查,但仍存在一定的残留风险[1,2],其中窗口期风险为主要的输血残余风险来源[3,4]。评估献血者残余风险有利于明确传染性输血风险,为检测方法改进及筛查策略调整提供基础数据,这对于保障输血安全具有重要意义。为了解杭州地区输血传播HCV的残留风险,本研究在回顾分析献血人群HCV流行病学资料基础上,运用流行率-窗口期数学模型评估了输血传播HCV的残留风险,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
2016年1月~2017年12月浙江省血液中心的全血无偿献血者284 691例次,按照献血次数分为首次无偿献血者和重复无偿献血者两组。首次无偿献血者定义为在我中心第一次参加无偿献血者,重复无偿献血者定义为在我中心参加无偿献血2次及以上人群。……
