王春芳 余兴华 王先宏 杨清辉

摘  要：为提高斑茅种质资源利用效率，本研究对来自不同地区的76份斑茅种质资源的株高、茎径、节间长、叶长、叶宽、锤度6个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，来自不同地区的斑茅，6个表型性状平均变异系数在14.6%～53.4%之间，其中株高和节间长的变异系数相对较高，分别为53.4%和37.7%;锤度和叶长的变异系数相对较低，分别为19.1%和14.6%。株高、茎径、叶宽、叶长、节间长之间表现为极显著正相关，其中株高与节间长的相关系数最大，为0.818;锤度与株高、节间长呈负相关，相关系数分别为?0.232和?0.263。主成分分析表明，前2个主成分方差累计贡献率高达72.58%，其中第1主成分方差贡献率达到51.21%，第2主成分贡献率为21.37%。采用聚类分析方法，不同的种质资源被分为8大类群，第Ⅴ和Ⅵ类群的种质综合性状表现最好，这2个类群是优良的斑茅种质资源，可在甘蔗育种中加以挖掘利用。

关键词：甘蔗;斑茅;表型性状;遗传多样性中图分类号：S31      文獻标识码：A

Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on Main Phenotypic Characteristics ofErianthus arundinaceumGermplasm from Different Regions

WANG Chunfang¹， YU Xinghua²， WANG Xianhong^1*， YANG Qinghui^1*

1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming， Yunnan 650201， China; 2. Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wenshan， Yunnan 663099， China

Abstract： The germplasm resource， genetic diversity including plant height， stem diameter， internode length， leaf length， leaf width and brix of 76 clones ofE. arundinaceum， which were collected from different regions was analyzed.  The average coefficient of variation of the six phenotypic traits was 14.6%–53.4%， the coefficient of variation of plant height and internode length was 53.4% and 37.7%， respectively， and the coefficient of variation of brix and leaf length was 19.1% and 14.6%， correspondingly. There was a significant positive correlation among plant height， stem diameter， leaf width， leaf length and internode length， among which the correlation coefficient between plant height and internode length was 0.818. Meanwhile， brix was negatively correlated with plant height and internode length， with correlation coefficients of ?0.232 and ?0.263， respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 72.58%， of which the contribution rate of the first principal component was 51.21%， and that of the second principal component was 21.37%. By cluster analysis， 76 clones were divided into eight groups and the comprehensive characters of V and VI groups were the best. The two groups are excellent E. arundinaceumgermplasm resources， which could be excavated and utilized in sugarcane breeding program.

Keywords： Saccharum spp.;Erianthus arundinaceum; phenotypic characteristics; genetic diversity

2.2 种质资源表型性状间的相关分析

对76份斑茅种质资源的6个主要农艺性状进行相关性分析（表4），结果表明，株高与茎径、叶宽、节间长呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.477、0.619和0.818;茎径与叶长、叶宽、节间长呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.56、0.774、0.522;叶宽与节间长呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数为0.556;锤度和株高、节间长呈负相关，相关系数分别为?0.232和?0.263。由此可知，当斑茅茎径越粗壮、叶片越宽、节间长越长，其生长越高大、越茂盛;株高越高，节间长越长，其锤度越小。……