周劲松 王朝 只佳增 杜浩 李宗锴 高梅 孙寅虎 张光勇 陈伟强

摘  要：本研究采用田間试验方法，对化肥减量模式下山地香蕉的经济产量、经济系数、碳排放量、碳固定量进行测量与估算。结果表明：与常规施肥相比，化肥减量20%时香蕉经济产量无显著性变化，化肥减量达到30%时香蕉产量显著降低24.1%。化肥分别减量10%、20%、30%后，香蕉植株碳固定依次减小2.15%、3.51%、11.33%;化肥产生碳排放依次减小10.01%、10%、10%;土壤碳排放除化肥减量10%处理增加12.67%，其余依次减小16.94%、3.41%。综合香蕉碳固定与碳排放二者的碳收支，并用每株香蕉的碳净排放量来估量，常规施肥、减量10%、减量20%、减量30%的处理每株香蕉的碳净排放量分别为4731.29、5529.03、4418.47、4415.30 g/株，在保证产量前提下化肥减量20%固炭减排潜力最大。本研究结果显示合理的化肥减量能获得山地香蕉种植经济效益与生态效益的共赢，且试验条件下化肥减量20%效果最佳。

关键词：化肥减量;碳减排;碳固定;山地香蕉中图分类号：S668.1      文献标识码：A

Yield Change and Carbon Emission Reduction & Fixation Potential of Banana in Mountain Areas in Mode of Chemical Fertilize Reduction

Zhou Jinsong， Wang Chao， Zhi Jiazeng， Du Hao， Li Zongkai， Gao Mei， Sun Yinhu，Zhang Guangyong， Chen Weiqiang^*

Honghe Research Institute of Tropical Agriculture， Hekou， Yunnan 661300， China

Abstract： In the study， a field test method was conducted to measure and estimate the economic yield， economic coefficient， carbon emissions and carbon fixation of mountain bananas in the chemical fertilizer reduction model. There was no significant change in the economic yield of banana with 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer comparing with the conventional fertilization. Banana yield decreased by 24.1% when the reduction of chemical fertilizer reached 30%. When chemical fertilizer was reduced by 10%， 20%， 30% respectively， the carbon fixation of banana plants decreased by 2.15%， 3.51% and 11.33%， and the carbon emissions from chemical fertilizers decreased by 10.01%， 10% and 10% except the soil carbon emissions of the treatment of 10% chemical fertilizer reduced increased by 12.67%， that of the others decreased by 16.94% and 3.41%. Based on the plant carbon fixation and soil carbon emission， the estimation by net carbon emission of per banana plant， the net carbon emission of each banana plant of the treatment of the conventional fertilization， chemical fertilization reduced by 10%， 20%， 30% was 4731.29， 5529.03， 4418.47 and 4415.30 g/plant， respectively. To guarantee the production， chemical fertilization reduced by 20% had the greatest potential of carbon fixation and emission reduction. The study showed that reasonable reduction of chemical fertilizer could achieve a win-win situation of the economic and ecological benefits of banana planting in mountainous areas.

Keywords： chemical fertilize reduction; carbon emission reduction; carbon fixation; banana planting in mountain areas

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.06.026

农业生产兼具碳源、碳汇两方面的功能，一方面作为碳源在农业生产过程中产生大量CO₂，化肥施用是农业CO₂排放主要來源，如果能通过化肥减量技术使用对农业碳减排做出行之有效的贡献，使作物种植在获得经济效益的同时兼顾生态效益;另一方面作为碳汇，作物在生长过程中通过光合作用吸收CO₂固定在植株中减少大气中CO₂含量，作物种植最大可能地积累生物量也是对经济效益与生态效益的积极贡献。

香蕉是热带高效农业的主要支柱产业之一^[1]，由于生育期长，需肥量大，需要多次精细施肥才能满足其生长发育的需求^[2-4]。……