山地果园管道喷雾技术及植保机械研究进展
2020-08-04李昕昊王鹏飞
李昕昊 王鹏飞

摘要 我国作为世界最大的水果出产国,果品质量影响着水果产业的发展,而喷施农药是保证果品质量、减少病虫害的有效途径。但是,作为适宜水果种植的丘陵山地地区的果园植保机械化水平低。因此,发展适宜的果园植保机械才能促进我国水果产业的长期良性发展。本文简要介绍了目前我国适用于山地果园植保的管道喷雾设备、小型喷雾机、电动遥控喷雾技术、轨道搭载风送式喷雾机以及无人机喷雾技术,以期为促进山地果园的发展提供参考。
关键词 果园;管道喷雾;植保机械;山地
中图分类号 S49 文献标识码 A
文章编号 1007-5739(2020)13-0147-03 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)
Abstract As the largest fruit producer in the world, the quality of fruit affects the development of fruit industry in China, and spraying pesticide is an effective way to ensure the quality of fruit and reduce pests. However, the level of orchard plant protection mechanization is low in hilly and mountainous areas where is suitable for fruit planting. Therefore, the development of suitable orchard plant protection machinery can promote the long-term sound development of China′s fruit industry. This paper briefly introduced the current pipeline spraying equipment, small sprayer, electric remote control spray technology, track mounted air spraying sprayer and unmanned aerial vehicle spraying technology applied to plant protection in mountain orchard in China, so as to provide references for promoting the development of mountain orchard.
Key words orchard; pipeline spray; plant protection machinery; mountain
我國地域辽阔,地形丰富,其中我国国土面积的65%左右是丘陵山地,而丘陵山地适合果品经济的发展,由此我国成为了世界上最大的水果出产国之一[1]。因此,研究并发展适宜的果园植保技术,能够保证整个水果产业链可持续的健康发展[2]。
果树的病虫害防治工作是整个果园管理工作中极其重要的环节,该环节主要依靠喷施农药,随着季节变更,气候变化,每年喷施农药8~15次,其工作量占整个果园管理工作总量的30%左右[3-5]。但是,当前我国丘陵山地果园病虫害防治工作机械化作业水平仅为7.5%,因而提高山地果园病虫害防治技术水平已然成为我国果园规模化发展的必然趋势[6-7]。借鉴国外经验,研发并推广适合我国实际情况的山地植保机械是当前促进山地果园发展的重点。……
