廖银珍

摘要    为了解不同林分及坡位对林下套种的阳春砂产量的影响，对不同林分下不同坡位阳春砂开花和结实情况进行差异性分析。结果表明，杉木纯林下坡、香樟纯林下坡和中坡环境更有利于促进阳春砂花朵数量增加和成熟，其花序数、花朵数、坐果花序数和成熟花序数分别达到30.33～34.00个、261.00～264.33朵、19.00～27.00个、16.33～22.33个，显著高于其他处理;结实情况较好的处理为杉木纯林下坡、香樟纯林下坡和混交林中坡，3个处理阳春砂的坐果数、成熟果实和产量均显著高于其他处理。综合上述分析结果，杉木纯林下坡、香樟纯林下坡和混交林中坡更适宜阳春砂种植，可作为当地阳春砂栽培的推荐种植地点。

关键词    阳春砂;林分;坡位;产量

中图分类号    S567.23+9        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0100-02                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    To understand the effects of different stands and slope positions on the yield of Amomum villosum Lour.， the difference analysis on flowering and fruiting of Amomum villosum interplanted in different stands and slope positions was conducted. The results showed that the environment of lower slope position of fir plantation， lower slope position and middle slope position of camphor tree plantation were beneficial for flowering of Amom-um villosum. Inflorescence number， flower number， number of inflorescence bearing fruit and number of mature inflorescence of above treatments reached 30.33-34.00， 261.00-264.33， 19.00-27.00， 16.33-22.33， respectively， and were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The treatments of lower slope position of fir plantation， lower slope position of camphor tree plantation and middle slope position of mixed forest had optimal fruiting. Number of fruit， number of ripe fruit and fruit yield of above treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments. In summary， lower slope position of fir plantation， lower slope position of camphor tree plantation and middle slope position of mixed forest were excellent for growing Amomum villosum and could be recommended in the locality.

Key words    Amomum villosum Lour.; stand; slope position; yield

陽春砂（Amomum villosum Lour.）是姜科（Zingiberaceae）豆蔻属（Amomum L）多年生草本植物，原产于广东省阳春市，其果实阳春砂仁为著名“四大南药”之一[1]。阳春砂仁性辛、温，归脾、胃经，具有化湿开胃、温脾止泻、理气安胎的功效，在中医治疗胃肠道疾病中应用非常普遍，常用于治疗湿阻中焦、脾胃气滞和胎动不安[2-9]。

近年来，由于林农对种植地的选择具有盲目性，导致阳春砂仁产量差异大、不稳定。为解决上述问题，本研究选择当地套种阳春砂较多的4种林分下不同坡位种植的阳春砂，对其开花和结实情况进行对比分析，以期为当地阳春砂的栽培提供实践参考。

1    材料与方法

1.1    试验地概况

试验地位于福建省华安金山国有林场。……