廉晓娟 王艳 梁新书

摘要    采用盆栽试验的方法，以番茄品种普罗旺斯为材料，研究高肥力土壤不同养分投入对设施番茄产量、品质及植株、土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明，适当增加磷肥投入能够提高番茄产量，适当增加钾肥投入能够改善番茄品质。综合分析，处理P3（基肥施P2O5 5.100 g/株，追肥施纯N 3.48 g/株、P2O5 5.57 g/株、K2O 4.87 g/株）单株产量最高、口感与营养品质好，较CK1（不施基肥，追肥施纯N 3.77 g/株、P2O5 1.51 g/株、K2O 5.28 g/株）、CK2（不施肥）相比，单株产量分别提高22.85%和77.85%、VC含量分别提高6.68%和21.42%、糖酸比分别提高21.06%和17.93%。但高肥力土壤，氮、磷、钾施用量高会造成植株、果实和土壤中氮、磷、钾养分累积，同时抑制中微量元素吸收。

关键词    番茄;产量;品质;养分含量;中微量元素

中图分类号    S641.2;S147.5        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0055-03                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    The effects of different nutrient inputs on yield and quality of tomato and the nutrient content of plant and soil in the high fertility soil were studied by pot experiment in greenhouse with the tomato variety ′Provence′ as the material. The results showed that the yield of tomato could be improved by increasing the input of phosphate fertilizer appropriately， and the quality of tomato could be improved by increasing the input of potash fertilizer appropriately. By comprehensive analysis， the yield per plant of treatment P3 （P2O5 5.100 g/plant was applied as base fertilizer， while pure N 3.48 g/plant， P2O5 5.57 g/plant and K2O 4.87 g/plant were applied as topdressing） was the highest of all the treatments and the taste and nutritional quality was good. Compared with CK1 （without base fertilizer， pure N 3.77 g/plant， P2O5 1.51 g/plant and K2O 5.28 g/plant were applied as topdressing） and CK2 （no fertilizer）， the yield per plant increased by 22.85% and 77.85%， respectively， the contents of VC increased by 6.68% and 21.42%， respectively， the acid-sugar ratio increased by 21.06% and 17.93%， respectively. However， high application amount of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium application caused nutrients accumulation in plant， fruit and soil and restrained absorption of medium and trace elements in the high fertility soil.

Key words    tomato; yield; quality; nutrient content; medium and trace element

番茄是我国设施农业栽培的主要果菜之一，因果实营养丰富、风味独特且具有很高的药用价值而深受人们喜爱[1]。但是在种植过程中，由于生产者对产量的单纯追求和施肥的盲目性导致病害加剧、肥料深层淋失及环境污染等一系列问题，不仅降低了蔬菜的产量和品质，更制约了设施农业的可持续发展[2-4]。因此，肥料施用越来越受到人们的重视。土壤养分是影响植物生长发育的重要因素[5]，合理的氮、磷、鉀肥以及有机肥配比能显著促进番茄的生长，提高其产量和品质[6-7]。虽然有关番茄施用氮、磷、钾肥方面的研究报道很多[8]，但是由于各地试验条件不同，试验结果不尽相同。因此，有必要针对当地高肥力土壤进行不同氮、磷、钾投入量对番茄产量、品质、养分吸收及土壤养分含量的影响研究，以期为高肥力土壤合理施肥提供参考。……