郭利伟 聂良鹏 王军威

摘要    为探索豫南地区直播油菜适宜的硼肥播量，以华油杂62为研究对象，进行了硼肥效果试验，研究了种子与硼肥同播方式不同硼肥施用量（0、4.5、9.0、13.5 kg/hm2）对油菜苗期群体性状、菜籽产量和产量性状的影响。结果表明，与不施用硼肥处理相比，施用硼肥处理可以显著提高直播油菜苗期群体、一次分枝数、单株角果数和每角粒数，同时可显著提高直播油菜收获期有效株数，进而提高产量11.2%～19.5%。施用过量硼肥时直播油菜收获期产量较施用少量硼肥产量出现下降。因此，豫南地区直播油菜硼肥推荐用量为9.0 kg/hm2。

关键词    油菜;种子;硼肥;同播;性状;产量;豫南地区

中图分类号    S565.4        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）13-0003-02                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Abstract    In order to explore the suitable amount of boron fertilizer for sowing rape in southern Henan， Huayouza 62 was used as the research object to conduct the boron fertilizer effect test， and the effects of different boron fertilizer application rates （0， 4.5， 9.0， 13.5 kg/hm2） on population traits， rapeseed yield and yield traits at rape seedling stage under the integration of rape seed sowing and boron fertilizer applying. The results showed that， compared with without applying boron fertilizer， the application of boron fertilizer could significantly increase the number of seedlings， the number of primary branches， pod number per plant and seed number per pod， as well as the number of effective plants during the harvest of rapeseed， could increase production by 11.2%-19.5%. When excessive boron fertilizer was applied， the yield of direct seeding rape during the harvest period decreased compared with the application of a small amount of boron fertilizer. The results showed that the recommended dosage of boron fertilizer for direct seeding rape in southern Henan was 9.0 kg/hm2.

Key words    rape; seed; boron fertilizer; integration; trait; yield; southern Henan

我国油菜主产区耕作土壤的硼含量一般较低，油菜对硼的需求量较大且对硼敏感，在生产上普遍要求重視硼肥[1-2]。施硼作为一项普及的生产技术，对促进油菜生长发育和保障油菜籽产量发挥了重要作用[3-4]。然而，在农业生产中油菜缺硼现象时有发生，最突出的现象是“花而不实”导致严重减产[5-6]。

油菜上施用硼肥已成为一种重要的技术措施，但是硼肥施用过多或过少，往往会引起油菜增产效果下降，甚至导致减产[7-9]。以往我国油菜施硼研究技术主要针对移栽油菜[2]。随着油菜直播轻简化生产面积不断扩大，如果能将优质硼肥与油菜籽进行同播，既能减少叶面喷施硼肥的劳动成本，同时能提高硼肥利用效率和施用效果[10-12]。……