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老年住院患者日常生活活动能力的影响因素分析

2020-07-14周艳颜饶红英杨秋莲彭程

中国实用医药 2020年18期
关键词:影响因素

周艳颜 饶红英 杨秋莲 彭程

【摘要】 目的 分析老年住院患者日常生活活動能力(ADL)的影响因素, 为提高老年患者生存质量提供依据。方法 275例老年住院患者为研究对象, 收集其一般资料、Barthel指数评分、营养风险筛查评估表(NRS-2002)评分、体质量指数(BMI)、血常规、生化及总维生素D(VitD-T)结果, 分析与老年住院患者ADL相关的影响因素。结果 275例老年住院患者中, 25例(9.1%)患者生活完全自理, 250例(90.9%)患者生活不能自理。单因素分析显示, 生活完全自理患者与生活不能自理患者的年龄、NRS-2002评分、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、VitD-T比较, 差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);生活完全自理患者与生活不能自理患者的性别、BMI、甘油三酯(TG)、血小板计数(PLT)、红细胞计数(RBC)比较, 差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元线性回归分析发现, 年龄、NRS-2002评分、ALB、PA、TC、LDL-C、HGB是老年住院患者ADL的影响因素(P<0.05)。其中, 血清ALB、TC和HGB是ADL的保护因素, 年龄、NRS-2002评分、PA、LDL-C是ADL的危险因素。年龄、NRS-2002评分、PA、LDL-C与ADL呈负相关(r=0.283、0.136、0.020、0.042, P<0.05), ALB、TC、HGB与ADL呈正相关(r=0.082、0.166、0.124, P<0.05)。结论 营养指标是老年住院患者ADL的影响因素;在临床护理工作中对老年住院患者及早进行营养评估和营养指导, 改善其营养状态, 可提升老年住院患者的生活自理能力, 改善其疾病的预后和临床结局。

【关键词】 老年住院患者;日常生活活动能力;影响因素

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.18.004

Analysis of influential factors of activities of daily living of the elderly inpatients   ZHOU Yan-yan, RAO Hong-ying, YANG Qiu-lian, et al. Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First Peoples Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China

【Abstract】 Objective   To analyze the influential factors of activities of daily living (ADL) of the elderly inpatients, so as to provide basis for quality of life of elderly patients. Methods   There were 275 elderly inpatients selected as the research subjects, their general data, Barthel index score, nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, body mass index (BMI), blood routine, biochemical and total vitamin D (VitD-T ) results were collected, so as to analyze influencing factors related to ADL in elderly inpatients. Results   Of the 275 elderly inpatients, 25 cases

(9.1%) were completely self-care, and 250 cases (90.9%) were unable to take care of themselves. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, NRS-2002 score, serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), VitD-T between patients who were completely self-care and those who were unable to take care of themselves (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in gender, BMI, triglyceride (TG), platelet count (PLT), red blood cell (RBC) count between patients who were completely self-care and those who were unable to take care of themselves (P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found that age, NRS-2002 score, ALB, PA, TC, LDL-C, HGB were the influencing factors of ADL in elderly inpatients (P<0.05). Serum ALB, TC and HGB were protective factors of ADL, age, NRS-2002 score, PA, LDL-C were risk factors of ADL. Age, NRS-2002 score, PA, LDL-C were negatively correlated with ADL (r=0.283, 0.136, 0.020, 0.042, P<0.05), ALB, TC, HGB were positively correlated with ADL (r=0.082, 0.166, 0.124, P<0.05). Conclusion  Nutritional indicators are the influencing factors of ADL in elderly inpatients. In clinical nursing work, early nutritional evaluation and guidance for elderly inpatients can improve their nutritional status, improve their ability of self-care, prognosis and clinical outcome.

【Key words】 Elderly inpatients; Activities of daily living; Influential factors

日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living, ADL)是指一个人为了满足日常生活需要每天所进行的必要活动, 包括进食、梳妆、洗漱、洗澡、如厕、穿衣等, 功能性移动包括翻身、从床上坐起、转移、行走、驱动轮椅、上下楼梯等。它不仅反映患者的自理程度, 还能体现患者的生存质量。随着中国人口老龄化的持续发展和老年人口的日益高龄化, 老年人的ADL问题变得日渐突出, 并直接影响着亿万个家庭的养老和照料。维护和提升老年人的ADL是健康老龄化的重要根基, 有助于提高老年人的生活质量, 从护理角度探讨影响中国老年人ADL的因素, 找出提高老年人ADL的护理对策, 是当今医疗及护理领域的重要课题。……

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