范明明 张嘉裕 张湘龙

摘要 功能性消化不良（Functional Dyspepsia，FD）是临床常见胃肠疾病，主要以上腹痛、上腹胀、早饱、嗳气、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐等为临床表现。FD症状可持续或反复发作，病程可超过1个月或在过去的12个月中累计超过12周。在中医学中常见于胃脘痛、胃痞、吞酸、痞滿、嘈杂等病症，其病因病机为长期饮食不节、情志不调导致肝失疏泄，犯胃乘脾，脾胃功能失调，升降失司，胃气壅塞而出现以胃脘满闷不舒等临床症状的疾病。在FD的基础实验及临床研究中，FD大鼠模型的建立及造模方法的选择尤为重要，本文通过查阅近十年相关文献资料，发现不同学者对于FD大鼠模型的建立及方法的选择各异，故将FD造模方法归纳总结为单因素造模法、双因素造模法以及多因素造模法，并对其进行相应述评，以期对相关领域研究者的基础实验及临床研究提供借鉴。

关键词 功能性消化不良;动物造模;胃肠疾病;大鼠;述评

Abstract Functional dyspepsia （FD） is a common disease in clinics.The clinical symptoms are epigastric pain，epigastric distention，early fullness，belching，anorexia，nausea and vomiting etc.FD is chronic and recurrent and symptoms may recur for more than a month or have accumulated for more than 12 weeks in the past 12 months.In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），it is mainly manifested in the symptoms of gastralgia pain，chronic atrophic gastritis，acidregurgitation，distention and fullness，gastric upset etc.The disease is caused by long-term diet and emotional disorder，which leads to liver dysfunction，stamoch attacking leading to the dysfunction of spleen，spleen and stomach dysfunction，ascending and descending disorder，and gastric stagnation and other clinical symptoms.In the basic experiment and clinical research of FD，the establishment of the FD rat model and the choice of modeling method are particularly important.This paper has found that differences in FD rat model establishment and choice of methods，by consulting relevant literature in the past decade.So FD modeling method is summarized into single-factor modeling method，two-factor modeling method and multi-factor modeling method，and the corresponding review is made to provide reference for basic experiments and clinical research of researchers in related fields.

Keywords Functional dyspepsia; Animal modeling; Gastrointestinal diseases; Rats; Review

功能性消化不良是目前临床上常见的消化系疾病，属中医“痞满”“胃脘痛”等范畴，主要诱因为情志不畅、饮食不节等，其中脾虚气滞为FD病因病机的中心环节，其病位在胃，且与肝脾等脏器密切相关。罗马IV[1]将FD诊断标准时限仍定为病程超过6个月，近3个月有症状发作，餐后饱胀、早饱、上腹痛、上腹部烧灼感4个核心症状，根据症状与进餐关系，FD患者可分为餐后不适综合征和上腹痛综合征2个亚型。目前，在国际上，众多学者普遍认为FD的发生常因进食后胃底容受舒张发生障碍，胃窦十二指肠运动协调紊乱及内脏高敏等因素有关，以及心理、环境、社会等因素的影响，都会加重FD患者的临床症状。……