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我国风电场分类及水土流失状况分析

2020-06-21孙若峥

河南科技 2020年11期
关键词:分类

孙若峥

摘 要:近年来,我国风力发电行业得到了迅猛的发展,风能作为一种无污染、环保可再生的新型能源,将会在我国能源利用中发挥越来越重要的作用。我国风电场分为三类,即荒原风电场、高山风电场和海滨风电场。本文以我国三大风区(三北地区、高山地区、海滨地区)为研究基础,结合各分区自然环境特点,将风电厂分布区细分成五个类型,分别阐述了各个类型的风电场分布区气候、地形、土壤和植被特征等,分析了各风电场分布区水土流失状况,以期为各地发展风力发电提供基础资料与理论支持。

关键词:风电场;分类;三大风区;水土流失

Abstract: In recent years, China's wind power industry has developed rapidly, as a new type of non-polluting, environmentally friendly and renewable energy, wind energy will play an increasingly important role in China's energy utilization. China's wind farms are divided into three categories, namely wasteland wind farms, alpine wind farms and coastal wind farms. Based on the research of the three major wind regions (three north regions, high mountain regions, and coastal regions) in China, this paper combined the characteristics of the natural environment of each sub-region and subdivided the wind power plant distribution area into five types, and described the climate, topography, soil and vegetation characteristics of various wind farm distribution areas, and analyzed the soil erosion status of each wind farm distribution area in order to provide basic data and theoretical support for the development of wind power generation in various regions.

Keywords: wind farm;classification;three major wind regions;soil erosion

相较于火力发电,风电对周边环境的影响更小,不依赖化石能源,在生产过程中也不会对大气、水体产生污染;相较于核能发电,风电对环境的影响更为可控,而利用核能进行发电时,核废料对未来人类发展构成潜在隐患,一旦人为不可控,将会给附近环境安全带来极大的威胁。除此之外,风力发电对土地的人为干扰较小,建设后期和生产运行期,单个风机土地扰动面积较小,一般仅限于风机基础周围2~5 m。本文重点对我国风电场进行分类,详细分析了不同风电场分布区的水土流失状况,以期采取合理的水土保持措施,有效防治风电场水土流失。

1 我国风电场分类

我国南北温湿差异较大,东西地形高差较大,土壤具有鲜明的地域分布特征,热量分布由南向北递减。自热带经南亚热带至中亚热带,植被类型依次是热带雨林、季雨林和常绿阔叶林。……

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