冒亚龙 葛毅鹏 关杰灵 谢函笑

摘要：文章通过数据统计和实地调研，揭示了国家政策对村落重构的宏观影响。本文指出宅地政策、生产生活方式、家庭结构等是新建院落形態的重要影响因素，人口增减、分家、流转是已建院落不断重构的动力；指出乡村住宅是农民对客观政策和环境的解读，对心理和观念的实现，对建造内容和条件的选择和适应，也是在使用周期内不断调节的结果，当前豫西乡村住宅正经历空间“由简至繁”，屋顶“由平变坡”，形象“由洋返中”的重构；并指出乡村“空心化”的实质是传统社会结构“解构”的结果。

关键词：乡村聚落；农宅；重构；驱动因素；豫西

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2020.04.013 中图分类号：TU982.29

文章编号：1009-1483（2020）04-0088-11 文献标识码：A

Study on the Reconstruction of Rural Rettlements and Rural Houses： Taking the Ordinary Villages in Western Henan as an Example

MAO Yalong， GE Yipeng， GUAN Jieling， XIE Hanxiao

[Abstract] Through data statistics and field research， the macro impact of national policies on village reconstruction is revealed. It is pointed out that the policy of homestead， the way of production and life， and the family structure are the important influencing factors of the new courtyard form， and the population increase and decrease， the separation of families， and the circulation are the driving forces for the continuous reconstruction of the existing courtyard. It is pointed out that rural housing is the result of farmers interpretation of objective policies and environment， the realization of psychology and concepts， the selection and adaptation of construction content and conditions， and the constant adjustment in the use cycle. At present， the rural housing in western Henan is undergoing the reconstruction of space "from simple to complex"， roof "from flat to sloping"， and image "from foreign style to Chinese style". It also points out that the essence of "hollowing out" is the result of "deconstruction" of traditional social structure.

[Keywords] rural settlement； farmhouse； reconstruction； driving factor； Western Henan Province

引言

目前对新乡村及农宅的研究多集中在以“绿色建筑”“乡土性表达”为代表的技术、美学等学理层面，对当下乡村聚落与住宅的演变规律及动因关注较少。

本文在深入调研的基础上，将统计数据、宅地政策等宏观因素，家庭结构、居住观念、建造因素、使用调整等微观因素与“聚落—院落—单体”三个层次上的分析相结合，探寻乡村聚落及农宅重构动因，对研究当下乡村聚落演变形式、演变路径、演变机制有一定现实意义。

“河南人均耕地面积低于全国，豫西则低于全省”[1]，豫西地区有四条秦岭余脉自西向东蜿蜒横隔其中，呈西高东低、多山、多川、多河流的小流域特征，村落大多沿山谷逐河而居（见图1）。以豫西农村聚落和农宅为调查对象有利于揭示人多地少地区乡村的建设发展问题和规律。……