王炜罡 文虎 贾勇锋

摘 要：当前高層建筑火灾形势严峻、严重威胁人身安全，造成财产损失。而高层居民楼与居民的生活息息相关，高层居民楼发生火灾更是对人民生命财产安全的沉重打击。针对当今社会高层居民楼火灾频发的现实问题，通过调查研究国内高层居民楼火灾事故，分析高层居民楼火灾的特点，利用FDS火灾模拟软件，以某社区的一栋居民楼为研究对象，结合定性分析和火灾动态模拟，全面的对高层居民楼火灾应急管理进行分析，从CO浓度分布图、能见度分布图、烟气分布图总结出高层居民楼发生火灾时的直接、间接原因以及一系列环境参数的变化规律。建议加强消防基础建设和消防设备的研发改进，提高消防设备的实用性和功能性，研究出专门适合高层建筑的消防设备和防火保护设施，同时加强高层居民楼火灾应急演练和消防救援的教育，让居民能够深入了解在发生火灾时应做的事情。

关键词：

高层建筑;火灾;数值模拟;FDS

中图分类号：TU 998

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-9315（2020）02-0314-07

DOI：10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2020.0217开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

High-rise residential building fire simulation based on FDS

WANG Wei-gang1，WEN Hu2，3，JIA Yong-feng2，3

（1.Department of Emergency Management，Suzhou-Yinchuan Industrial Park Administration Committee，Yinchuan 750000，China：

2.College of Safety Science and Engineering，Xian University of Science and Technology，Xian 710054，China：

3.Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention，Ministry of Education，

Xian University of Science and Technology，Xian 710054，China）

Abstract：At present，the severe situation lies in the fire of high-rise building，which seriously threatens the security of human beings and results in the serious loss of property.However，high-rise residential buildings are in close relation to the life of residents in the community.The fire of high-rise residential buildings seriously affects the security of property and the normal life.In view of the current situation of the frequent occurrence of the fire of high-rise residential buildings，we investigate and study the fire of domestic high-rise residential buildings，analyze its characteristics and apply the application of Fire Dynamics Simulator software of Technology（FDS）.Taking a residential building in a community as the research object，combined with qualitative analysis and fire dynamic simulation，comprehensively analyze the fire emergency management of high-rise residential buildings，and summarize high-rise residents from the CO concentration distribution map，visibility distribution map，and smoke distribution map The direct and indirect causes of a building fire and the changes in a series of environmental parameters.It is recommended to strengthen the research and improvement of fire protection infrastructure and fire fighting equipment，improve the practicality and functionality of fire fighting equipment，develop fire fighting equipment and fire protection facilities specially adapted for high-rise buildings，and strengthen fire emergency drills and fire rescue education for high-rise residential buildings Give residents insight into what to do in the event of a fire.

Key words：

high-rise building;fire;numerical simulation;FDS

0 引 言

随着城市化进程的高速发展，城市建筑物用地面积的极度缩水，建筑物不得不往上发展，近年以来我国出现许多高层甚至超层建筑物。由于高层建筑物楼层高、体量大、人员密集，高层建筑本身的火灾隐患就比较多。发生火灾，由于烟囱效应，火势蔓延迅速，而且还会造成其他事故的发生，加之人员疏散困难，救援难度大等障碍，公民逃生意识差，逃生方法的不当等原因会造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。……