刘甜 毕树生

摘 要：竹蛏以穴居为主，主要利用其斧足挖掘洞穴。在食物、环境等发生变化时，竹蛏也会出现逃逸游动行为。本文通过高速相机观察到长竹蛏在逃逸游动时，其斧足会鞭动摆动。通过这种方式长竹蛏得以在短时间内快速前进;通过计算得知长竹蛏的游动速度跟其大小正相关，成年长竹蛏游动速度能达到每秒12倍体长。该研究丰富了竹蛏行为学特征数据，对竹蛏人工养殖、海洋捕捞、近海生态环境恢复以及水下仿生机器人研制都有参考价值。

关键词：竹蛏;斧足;游动

中图分类号：Q811

Abstract：The Solen strictus are mainly cave dwellers，using their axe feet to dig caves. The Solen strictus also exhibit escape-swimming behavior when changes in food，environment，etc. occur. In this paper，the Solen strictus were captured on a high-speed camera as they escaped，and it was found that the Solen strictus whipped while the water outlet between the foot and the coat membrane sprayed water outwards. This kind of propulsion allows the Solen strictus to advance rapidly in a short period of time. It is calculated that the swimming speed of Solen strictus is positively correlated with their size and that the adult Solen strictus can travel up to 12 times their body length per second. This study enriches the data on the behavioral characteristics of Solen strictus and is of interest to Solen strictus in artificial farming，marine fishing，offshore ecological restoration and underwater bionic robot development.

Keywords：Solen strictus;Foot;Swimming

1引言

仿生水下機器人在海洋资源探索与开发、海洋军事安全、海洋生态环境监测与保护等领域有极为重要的应用[1-3]，有关水下仿生机器人的研究也是目前的研究热点。水下生物的种类非常多，各类生物在水中的运动模式不尽相同。鱼类的波状摆动推进运动研究最早、最多，也是水下生物最广泛的一种运动方式，主要是依靠身体横向扭曲，往复摆动，以横波的方式从前向后传播运动[4]。目前国内外研究者已经从理论分析、数值模拟、试验观测等多个方面对鱼类的推进机理进行了大量研究[5-8]。此外还有以海龟、虾、蟹等生物的其它运动模式及相应的研究[9]。

竹蛏是一种双壳软体动物，以穴居为主，通过壳的开合配合其斧足运动，可以在泥沙质海滩挖掘洞穴，在洞穴中上升和下降。除挖掘行为以外，有些种类的竹蛏还也可以进行弹出式游泳[10-11]，比如……