樊帅珂 方晓艳 白明

摘要 目的：通过对临床上使用的灌肠剂的使用规律进行分析，包括灌肠剂的使用温度、体积、疗程等，为以后灌肠剂的使用提供依据和参考。方法：以中国知网收录含临床使用灌肠剂经验方为资料来源，使用Excel 2013、SPSS Modeler 14.1统计软件为工具，对纳入标准的灌肠剂的温度、体积、疗程及使用中药进行统计处理和关联规则分析。结果：根据分析结果，在临床使用灌肠剂中，温度30～38 ℃，灌肠体积100～200 mL，使用疗程14～21 d。在灌肠剂治疗肛肠疾病的过程中，关联规则分析中发现治疗肛肠病类关联强度最高的药对组合7种。结论：通过对灌肠剂的临床使用进行分析，反映出灌肠剂用于不同疾病时的用药规律和配伍特点，为“异病同治”提供理论支持，数理统计法是中医用药规律分析的重要工具，为指导临床用药提供现代化研究方向，为规范临床使用灌肠剂提供了可能。

关键词 数据挖掘;灌肠剂;外用;中药;不良反应;关联规则;外用制剂;肛肠疾病

Abstract Objective：To analyze the rule of clinical use of enema，including the temperature，volume，course of treatment of enema，so as to provide basis and reference for the use of enema in the future.Methods：Based on the exprience prescriptions of enema as the material source included by CNKI，Excel 2013 and SPSS Modeler 14.1 statistical software were used as tools，and the temperature，volume，course of treatment and the use of traditional Chinese medicine of enema were statistically processed and the association rules were analyzed.Results：According to the analysis results，in the clinical use of enema，the temperature is generally 30～38 ℃，the volume of enema is generally 100～200 mL，and the treatment course is generally 14～21 days.In the process of enema treatment of anorectal diseases，the association rule analysis found that the treatment of anorectal diseases has the highest association intensity of 7 combinations of drugs.Conclusion：Through the analysis of the clinical use of enema，it can reflect the law of drug use and the characteristics of compatibility when enema is used in different diseases，and provide theoretical support for the treatment of different diseases by the same method.Mathematical statistics is an important tool for the analysis of the law of drug use in traditional Chinese medicine，which provides a modern research direction for guiding clinical drug use，and provides the possibility for standardizing the clinical use of enema.

Keywords Data mining; Enema; External use; Traditional Chinese medicine，Adverse reactions; Association rules; External preparations; Anorectal diseases

灌腸疗法是以中药药液或掺入散剂灌肠以治疗疾病的一种方法。灌肠疗法起源较早，早在汉代张仲景《伤寒论》中就有用猪胆汁灌肠治疗便秘的记载。至近代，灌肠疗法发展比较迅速，应用于多种局部及全身性疾病取得较好疗效，如用以治疗溃疡性结肠炎、尿毒症、麻痹性肠梗阻及支气管哮喘等。通过实践证实，本疗法不仅可以治疗结肠、直肠的局部病变，而且可以通过肠黏膜吸收治疗全身性疾病。其方法简便，吸收迅速，作用较快，还可以避免某些药物对胃黏膜的不良刺激。……