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“捐还是不捐?”

2020-05-08沈靓

上海管理科学 2020年2期

沈靓

摘 要: 慈善捐助行为指个体通过捐赠金钱、时间或物资等方式帮助有需要的群体或慈善组织。个人的慈善捐助行为能够促进社会资源再分配,提高社会整体福祉。因此,如何科学地对慈善活动进行宣传、吸引更多个体参与捐助,对于营销学者而言是一个十分重要的话题。一次捐助包括捐助者、捐助资源、受助者以及社会和文化四个方面,这四个方面的因素既可以单独影响消费者的慈善捐助行为,又可以相互影响对慈善捐助行为产生交互作用。由此可见,个体的慈善捐助行为是十分复杂的,将通过对这四方面因素的梳理以提高我国公益组织对个体捐助行为的理解,进而采取有效的宣传以募集更多的捐助。

关键词: 慈善捐助;慈善宣传;消费者行为

中图分类号: F 270

文献标志码:A

“To Donate or Not To Donate”: How to Increase Charitable Giving

SHEN Liang

(Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Abstract: Charitable giving refers that individuals donate their money, time, or material resources to help the needy or the charity. Individuals charitable giving can facilitate the redistribution of wealth, thereby enhancing the social well-being. Therefore, how to scientifically appeal individuals to donate is a crucial topic for marketers to investigate. One charitable giving may include four aspects-donors, donation resources, recipients, and social and cultural factors. Each factor from every four aspects can independently impact on charitable giving, while, at the same time, factors from different aspects can yield interactive effects on charitable giving. Apparently, individuals charitable giving is complex to understand, and hence this article aims to analyze charitable giving from these four aspects in order to effectively help Chinese charities raise more donations.

Key words: charitable giving; charitable appeal; consumer behavior

慈善事業是构建和谐社会的重要力量,不仅政府和企业需要担负起推动慈善事业发展的责任,个人的捐助行为对慈善事业的发展也有不可估量的作用。2017年,美国个人捐赠占慈善捐赠的比例超过70%(Giving USA Foundation 2018)。然而,同年中国个人捐赠仅占慈善捐赠的23.28%。根据英国慈善援助基金会(Charities Aid Foundation, CAF)针对各国个人捐助情况发布的2018年《世界捐助指数报告》(CAF World Giving Index 2018)来看,在调查覆盖的146个国家中,中国仅排在第142名。因此,如何科学地对慈善活动进行宣传以吸引更多的个人捐助,对于我国社会是一个十分有意义的话题。目前国内营销学界对慈善行为的研究主要集中在企业,对个体捐助行为的研究尚属空白。……

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