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心理集体主义、换位思考与员工创造力的关系: 挑战性压力的交互作用

2020-05-08李瑛

上海管理科学 2020年2期

李瑛

摘 要: 科技型企业员工创造力成为企业家和学者们越来越关注的一个话题。结合挑战性压力情景因素,分别探讨了心理集体主义和换位思考对科技型企业员工创造力的影响。实证结果表明,心理集体主义(换位思考)与挑战性压力对员工创造力存在交互影响。具体来说,高挑战性压力—低心理集体主义(换位思考)或者低挑战性压力—高心理集体主义(换位思考)的组合形式对员工创造力的影响效果较好。高挑战性压力—高心理集体主义(换位思考)或者低挑战性压力—低心理集体主义(换位思考)的组合形式对创造力的影响效果较差。

关键词: 员工创造力;心理集体主义;换位思考;挑战性压力

中图分类号: C 936

文献标志码:A

The Influence of Considering Others or Collectivity on Employees Creativity: The Interaction Effect of Challenge Stressor

LI Ying

(Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China)

Abstract: Employees creativity in scientific and technological companies have received more and more attention from entrepreneurs and scholars. This study respectively explores the effects of psychological collectivism, perspective taking on employee creativity by considering the context factor, which is challenging stress. Empirical results show that psychological collectivism (perspective taking) and challenge stressor have interaction effects on employees creativity. Specifically, the combination of high challenge stressor-low psychological collectivism (perspective taking) or low challenge stressor-high psychological collectivism (perspective taking) has better effect on creativity. The combination of high challenge stressor-high psychological collectivism (perspective taking) or low challenge stressor - low psychological collectivism (perspective taking) has worse effect on creativity.

Key words: employees creativity; phycological collectivism; perspective taking; challenge stressor

1 文獻回顾与理论假设

1.1 心理集体主义与员工创造力

心理集体主义是集体主义从社会文化层面到个体层面的衍生概念。心理集体主义是个体认为人类生存的基本单位是集体而非个人的态度和行为的综合表现,表现为偏爱集体生活、依赖集体成员、关注群体规范等。

根据以往的研究,心理集体主义对个体创造力的影响结论是不一致的。大多数学者认为心理集体主义与创造力呈负向关系。首先,心理集体主义观念强的个体看重自己与他人的和谐关系,而心理集体主义观念弱的人则把自己看作生存的基本单位。而创新需要个体有提出不同意见、对抗他人异议的勇气,并非人云亦云。因此,如果个体心理集体主义倾向强烈,为了避免与群体其他人发生冲突,更容易从众随和,从而在一定程度上抑制自己的创新想法从而会减弱其创造力。……

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