屈鑫凯 颜苏芊 李斌 程源

摘 要：探讨基于全年逐时负荷计算下纺织空调PLC自控系统的节能效果。夏季、过渡季节车间逐时负荷由室外空气空调计算逐时综合温度，冬季逐时负荷根据室外温度计算。在全年逐时负荷基础上计算出车间全年逐时送风量，对风机运行频率进行变频调节，利用PLC步进算法对循环水泵变频调节，并结合新风窗比例控制算法合理利用室外新风。系统在徐州某纺织车间运行稳定，车间温度误差控制在±0.7℃，相对湿度误差控制在3%以内，平均节电率在6.36%。该系统对纺织车间温湿度控制精度较高，节能效果显著，实际应用价值较大。

关键词：全年逐时负荷;PLC自控;变频调节;比例控制算法;节电率

Abstract：This article discusses the energy-saving effect of the textile air-conditioning PLC automatic control system based on the hourly load calculation throughout the year. The hourly load of the workshop in summer and transition seasons was calculated by the outdoor air conditioner and the hourly integrated temperature was calculated. The hourly load in winter was calculated according to the outdoor temperature. Based on the hourly load of the whole year， the hourly air output of the workshop throughout the year was calculated for variable frequency regulation of the fan operation frequency. The PLC stepping algorithm was used to adjust the frequency of the circulating water pump， and the proportional control algorithm of new wind window was combined to rationally utilize the outdoor fresh air. The system was running stably in a textile workshop in Xuzhou. The temperature error of the workshop was controlled within ±0.7 ℃. The relative humidity error was controlled within 3%， and the average power saving rate was 6.36%. Therefore， it is believed that the system has high precision in temperature and humidity control in the textile workshop， significant energy saving effect， and great practical application value.

Key words：hourly load throughout the year; PLC self-control; frequency conversion regulation; proportional control algorithm; power saving rate

纺织厂车间由于生产设备数量多、装机功率大、发热量高，导致了纺织厂空调设备能耗较大，造成空调设备的运行费用增加[1]。纺织空调能耗占纺织厂总能耗的30%左右，因此对纺织空调自控系统运行的策略优化是纺织厂空调系统节能的关键[2]。目前国内外纺织厂空调系统存在的问题：首先是对车间负荷进行估算，缺乏全年详细的逐时负荷和风量计算，导致设备运行时与车间的负荷不够匹配;其次空调自控系统在运行的过程中，对风机、水泵的调节策略灵活性不够，不仅造成车间的温湿度控制不够稳定，还增加了空调系统的能耗。

本文通过对徐州某纺织厂细纱车间夏季和过渡季节室外空气空调计算逐时综合温度与全年逐时负荷和风量的详细计算，完成设备的选型，并对风机、水泵在运行过程中的变频调节进行研究，优化纺织空调自控系统的策略，降低纺织厂空调系统的能耗，最大限度节约空调用电量。……