聚四氟乙烯覆膜材料用于口罩过滤材料的可行性研究
2020-05-04朱怀球叶翔宇刘芙蓉
朱怀球 叶翔宇 刘芙蓉



摘 要:针对口罩生产关键材料熔喷非织造过滤材料(俗称“熔喷布”)供不应求的局面,探讨聚四氟乙烯覆膜材料用于口罩过滤材料的可行性。测试了不同过滤材料制成的口罩样品,对比了过滤性能和压差指标,对聚四氟乙烯覆膜过滤材料用于口罩生产的可行性以及口罩的重复使用性能进行了测试评估。结果表明:聚四氟乙烯覆膜过滤材料可代替熔喷无纺布生产防护口罩,口罩重复使用3次,颗粒物过滤效果下降15%以内,是应急时期防护口罩过滤材料的可替代材料。
关键词:口罩;过滤材料;熔喷布;聚四氟乙烯;防护纺织品
Abstract:As a critical material for mask production, meltblown nonwoven filter material (namely meltblown fabric) is in short supply. For such situation, the feasibility of using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a master filter material was explored. Mask samples produced by different filter materials were tested, and the filtering performance and differential pressure indicators were compared. Meanwhile, the feasibility of using PTFE-coated membrane filter materials for mask production and the reusability of masks were tested and evaluated. It was found that PTFE-coated membrane filter materials could replace melt-blown nonwoven fabrics to produce protective masks. After the mask was reused for 3 times, the particulate filtering efficiency declined by less than 15%. Hence, it is an alternative material for the protective mask filter material during emergency.
Key words:mask; filter material; meltblown; polytetrafluoroethylene; protective textiles
口罩是最重要的疫情防控资源之一,国家卫健委发布的《新型冠状病毒感染不同风险人群防护指南》和《预防新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎口罩使用指南》,指出口罩是预防呼吸道传染病的重要防线,可以降低新型冠状病毒感染风险。口罩不仅可以阻挡病人喷射飞沫,降低飞沫量和喷射速度,还可以阻挡含病毒的飞沫核,防止佩戴者吸入。因此,口罩也成了老百姓最关注的产品之一。
口罩的过滤性能由其结构、组成和所带电荷共同决定。目前原材料主要有聚酯(PET、PBT)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、氨纶(PU)、聚丙烯(PP)等[1]。其中,聚丙烯熔喷非织造织物价格低廉,物化性能稳定,孔隙率高,可做成驻极体,透气性能与过滤效率高,且环保无毒[2],使用最为广泛。面对目前口罩需求井喷,以聚丙烯为主要原料的熔喷布供不应求。……
