福建沿海侨村治理中的人才困境及对策
2020-04-21毕安平
【摘 要】 隨着青壮年人口在改革开放之后大量流到外地或海外,福建沿海侨村在产业、人口、社会管理等方面出现了不同程度的空心化,乡村治理有效性下降。本文通过对福建省沿海侨村的实地调查发现侨村治理面临着村干部队伍结构不合理、后备人才不足、人才引进困难、用人自主性不够等乡村人才问题,然后针对性地提出了增强人事自主、创新人才引进模式、提高村干部待遇、推进人才本土化等对策建议。
【关键词】 乡村治理;人才困境;对策建议;福建侨村
中图分类号:F320.3 文献识别码:A 文章编号:2096-1073(2020)03-0020-22
Governing Talent Dilemma and Countermeasures for the Coastal Villages of Oversea Chinese in Fujian
BI Anping
(Ocean College, Minjiang University Fuzhou, Fujian 350108)
[Abstract] With the large number of young and middle-aged people flooding to other paces or overseas after the policy of reform and opening, the coastal villages of overseas Chinese (CVOC) in Fujian had hollowed in terms of industry, population and social management which lowered governing efficiency rapidly. Based on field survey of CVOC in Fujian Province, it revealed that the villages were faced by such problems as unreasonable structure of conduct team, shortage of reserve talents, difficult talent introduction and insufficient employing autonomy. Enhancing personnel autonomy, innovating strategies for talents introduction, improving the pay of village managers and introducing the local elites were proposed as the measures at last.
[Key words] village governance; talent dilemma; countermeasures and suggestions; CVOC in Fujian
几千年的中华文明扎根于农耕文化,成就于乡村社会。改革开放以来的快速工业化和城市化浪潮导致乡村的地位相对下降,人口、资金、产业等不断向城市集聚,乡村出现了不同程度的空心化。中共十九大提出了乡村振兴战略,延续了新世纪以来重视“三农”问题和乡村建设的总体思路。2019年一号文件进一步提出了完善乡村治理机制,保持农村社会和谐稳定的治理目标。福建省是仅次于广东省的全国第二大侨乡,约1580万福建籍华侨华人分布在东南亚、北美等188个国家和地区,其中改革开放之后的“新侨民”有110万[1]。为探寻侨村发展现状,笔者于2018年1月到2019年8月对福建省福清、晋江、连江、长乐等县市的多个沿海侨村进行了实地调查,发现侨村面临着严峻的乡村治理人才短缺困境,成为侨村振兴的首要的、根本性的障碍。
1 侨村治理中面临的人才困境……
