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中国山水画俯远法

2020-04-13艾国

世界知识画报·艺术视界 2020年2期

A bird-view method refers to the new layout in Chinese landscape painting, which presents the landscapes seen from a view on a mountain. It is an innovative layout created and studied by Mr. Ai Guo in the beginning of the 21st century. This method has its unique features in that time. In the new century, spacecraft, planes and UAV for civilian use became common objects in daily life, and the painters would therefore be able to experience the landscapes from a brand new point of view: from the above. The bird-view landscape paintings do not depict the landscapes like aerial photos, but integrate the traditional landscape painting skills and cultural heritages. It fills in the blank spot in the perspective composition aesthetics of Chinese paintings, and leads to a new path of creation.

“自山上而觀山下,谓之俯远”。

“俯远法”是中国山水画“六法”经营位置中一种新的经营图式。是以北宋郭思、郭熙《林泉高致》中“三远法”的经营图式法则加以继承和补充,并试图使山水画的空间角度图式,在科技时代的特征下得以创建和发展。这种图式的形成有着时代特点,在山水画构图史美学中,有着流源和观照点,并与农耕时代、工业时代、科技时代进程和山水画的风格演变密不可分。

“俯远法”是我根据几十年的中国山水画创作经验和理论研究,在21世纪初提出并运用于实践,其中有多篇论文注释。

北宋沈括《梦溪笔谈·书画》提出的绘画美学思想,“大都山水之法,盖以大观小”的 “全景式”山水画图式是对前人的概括总结,在北宋也是主流绘画经营图式。同时代的郭熙《林泉高致》提出了“三远法”,“自山下而仰山巅,谓之高远;自山前而窥山后,谓之深远;自近山而望远山,谓之平远”。北宋时期的经典山水画经营图式所体现出的艺术感受多是高强、雄浑、平正、深厚等特点,主山雄踞正中,挺拔凝重,是突出主体体现宾主之势的 “全景式”或 “高远”式山水构图,是“平整安稳、四满方正”的格局。北宋中期是祥和平淡的山水画作品,着意于“可行”“可观”“可游”“可居”的“平远”经营图式特点,呈现出更为广阔的自然景象。南宋的半壁江山,影响着李唐山水画的图式,逐步形成、开创了中国山水画比较“全景式”而言的“近景式”图式、角度的主流导向,也是时代环境带来的与北宋之差异。……

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