血液透析护理门诊个体化指导对糖尿病肾病透析患者自体动静脉内瘘维护效果的影响
2020-04-03刘婉珊李英娜柳惠玉
刘婉珊 李英娜 柳惠玉

[摘要]目的 探讨血液透析(HD)护理门诊个体化指导对糖尿病肾病(DN)维持血液透析患者(MHD)自体动静脉内瘘使用效果的影响。方法 选取2017年2月~2018年8月我院血透中心使用动静脉内瘘MHD的60例DN患者,DN MHD使用动静脉内瘘透析的患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=30)采用常规护理方案进行动静脉内瘘护理,观察组(n=30)采用HD护理门诊就诊指导进行动静脉内瘘护理,观察两组内瘘成熟时间,阻塞、狭窄、血栓、感染等发生情况。结果 观察组内瘘成熟时间早于对照组(P<0.01),并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 动静脉内瘘是DN患者MHD重要保障,通过包括HD护理门诊的个体化指导的综合护理措施,能缩短内瘘成熟时间、减少并发症发生率。
[关键词]糖尿病肾病;血液透析;动静脉内瘘;护理门诊
[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)2(b)-0222-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the influence of personalized guidance on the use of arteriovenous fistula in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in nurse clinic. Methods A total of 60 patients with DN on MHD in our center from February 2017 to August 2018 participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups, including control group (n=30) with routine care and observation group (n=30) with personalized guidance. Time to maturity for fistula, and complication (fistula obstruction, fistula stenosis, and thrombosis) were observed during this study. Results Time to maturity for fistula was shorter in observation group than that in control group (P<0.01), and the total incidence of complications in observation group was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Arteriovenous fistula is an important guarantee for DN patients to undergo MHD. Personalized guidance in the nurse clinic helps to shorten time to maturity and decrease total incidence of complications.
[Key word] Diabetic nephropathy; Hemodialysis; Internal arteriovenous fistula; Nursing clinic
随着经济水平的发展,糖尿病患者发病率逐年提高,糖尿病合并终末期肾衰竭时,患者要进行维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)。MHD患者最常用血管通路為动静脉内瘘,而患者能进行血液透析(HD)重要保障是内瘘的通畅[1]。如患者每周进行2~3次治疗,每年平均230~330余次穿刺[2]。对糖尿病患者容易感染,血液粘稠度高等特点,HD动静脉内瘘较非糖尿病患者容易发生血栓、狭窄、堵塞等常见血管通路并发症,加上HD需长期反复穿刺动静脉血管内瘘,增加治疗难度,HD效果会受到影响[3-4]。常规内瘘护理,对糖尿病患者病情和内瘘全面评估,针对性饮食指导,血糖指标控制,动静脉内瘘初期及成熟期护理,内瘘计划性穿刺等整体化护理有其局限性。本研究对我院血透中心HD护理门诊随诊,对糖尿病肾病(DN)MHD患者自体动静脉内瘘进行个体化指导护理,取得了较好效果,现报道如下。……
