涨渡湖越冬水鸟组成特征及影响因素
2020-03-31张福安宋春明何霖陶喜林李一涛栾院平郭阳阳
张福安 宋春明 何霖 陶喜林 李一涛 栾院平 郭阳阳



摘 要: 2018~2020年,每年1月份在涨渡湖湿地采用分区直接计数法和定点观察法对越冬水鸟多样性组成特征及影响因素进行了同步调查和研究。共记录水鸟43种,隶属于7目,9科,其中鸭科种类最多,鹭科次之,绝对优势种为红嘴鸥。不同年份间水鸟物种数和数量存在一定的波动。涨渡湖湿地湖泊冬季人工蓄水导致的高水位对自然滩涂的影响,鱼塘与湖泊水系缺乏水文联系产生的湿地生境斑块化,以及个别区域人与鸟的冲突是涨渡湖湿地鸟类多样性面临的三大主要影响因子。
关键词: 武汉市;涨渡湖湿地;越冬水鸟;同步调查
中图分类号:Q958.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3020(2020)06-0055-05
Abstract: The diversity and impact factor of wintering waterbirds in Zhangdu Lake were investigated from January 2018 to January 2020.A total of 43 waterbird species belonging to nine families and seven orders were observed by the partition direct counting methods and the fixed-point observation.The number of species and individuals varied between years.However,Anatidae was always the family contains the largest number of species each year,followed by Ardeidae,and the absolute dominant specie was Larus ridibundus.We also summarized three factors affecting the waterbird diversity in Zhangdu Lake,including the high water level due to the artificial water storage in the winter,the patchy habitat?of wetland caused by the lack of hydrological connection between the fish pond and the lake water system,and the conflict between people and birds.
Key words: Wuhan;Zhangdu Lake;Wintering waterbirds;Synchronous survey
水鳥,又称水禽,是指生态学上依赖湿地生存的鸟类[1],是湿地生态系统中的重要组成部分,对生态系统的稳定起着重要作用。湿地水鸟的种类、数量、分布及生存现状都是客观反映湿地生境质量的重要指标。因此,对湿地鸟类多样性组成特征及变化趋势进行监测,不仅能为水鸟资源的保护提供有效对策,还能用于评价栖息地状况和生态环境变化等[2]。
涨渡湖湿地位于湖北省武汉市,紧邻长江,因其独特的地理位置和丰富多样的生境,历来是众多水鸟理想的越冬和栖息之地。1986年胡鸿兴等调查了涨渡湖等湖泊的鹤类、鹳类、天鹅类以及经济水鸟的种类及种群数量;2005年胡鸿兴等对湖北省13个湖泊、5条河段冬季水鸟多样性进行了调查研究,报道了涨渡湖湿地水鸟30种[3],目前尚未有该湿地同步调查的报道。……
