刘春菊 杜传印 梁子敬 张德珍 刘爱新 于金凤

摘  要：为了获得具有溶磷、抑菌作用的根际促生菌，分析其对烤烟的防病、促生效果，从潍坊烟区根际土壤中筛选出溶磷细菌，并进行recA基因鉴定，通过室内、田间试验研究其抑菌和促生效果。结果表明，从土壤中筛选到10株溶磷效果较好的菌株，其中菌株CT45-1溶磷、抑菌、促生效果较好，经鉴定为新洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌（Burkholderia cenocepacia）;选用此菌株在温室、田间试验中单独及与草酸青霉QM-10混合施用，均能提高烤烟对磷的吸收利用，改善烤烟农艺性状，提高烟叶产量和品质，并在一定程度上提高烟株抗病能力。其中以二者混合施用效果更好，可进一步推广应用。

关键词：溶磷细菌;混合菌剂;烟草生长;产量品质

Screening and Identification of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria in Tobacco Rhizosphere and Their Antibacterial and Growth-Promoting Effects

LIU Chunju¹， DU Chuanyin¹， LIANG Zijing¹， ZHANG Dezhen²， LIU Aixin^3*， YU Jinfeng^3*

（1. Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co.， Ltd.， Weifang， Shandong 261205， China; 2. Weifang University of Science and Technology， Weifang， Shandong 262700， China; 3. Shandong Agricultural University， Taian， Shandong 271018， China）

Abstract： In order to obtain the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria with the function of phosphorus solubilization and bacteriostasis， the bacteria strains were isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere soil in Weifang， and identified by recA genes sequencing analysis. The bacteriostasis and growth promoting effect of the bacteria on tobacco were studied with pot and field experiments. The results showed that 10 strains of bacteria with phosphorus solubilizing ability were isolated from the soil. The strain CT45-1， which was identified as Burkholderia cenocepaci showed the best phosphate solubilizing， bacteriostatic and growth promoting effects. The pot and field experiments showed that， the application of CT45-1 individually or mixed with Penicillium oxalate QM-10 could improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus， improve the yield and quality of flue cured tobacco， and improve the disease resistance of tobacco to a certain extent. The mixed application of the two strains showed better effects， which could be further popularized and applied.

Keywords： phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; the mixed microbial agents; tobacco growth; yield and quality

磷是植物必需的大量元素之一，土壤中磷含量約为0.05%，但只有0.01%可被植物利用^[1]，而施入土壤中的磷肥高达80%被固定为钙、铁和铝磷酸盐的形式^[2-3]，无法被植物吸收利用。

植物根际促生菌（PGPR）是存在于植物根际周围的一类可促进植物生长、防治病害的有益细菌。具有溶磷能力的PGPR能将土壤中难溶磷转化为可溶磷，供植物吸收利用^[1]。一些种类的PGPR既有溶磷能力，还有固氮、解钾、产铁载体、分泌吲哚乙酸、赤霉素等激素的能力，起到促进植物生长，提高植物抵抗不良环境能力，抑制某些植物病原菌的作用^[4-5]。

PGPR是微生物肥料主要菌群。近年来，PGPR筛选和微生物菌剂、肥料开发成为研究热点，其中有关溶磷解钾菌促进植株生长的研究较多^[6-8];利用不同功能的菌株组合、功能互补，筛选出具有不同功能的复合菌剂，是微生物菌剂应用由单一型向复合菌剂发展的趋势^[9-11]。……