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超声-微波协同提取百香果皮果胶的工艺研究

2020-03-23黎英刘夏蕾林娅新陈雪梅

热带作物学报 2020年2期

黎英 刘夏蕾 林娅新 陈雪梅

摘  要:以果胶得率为分析指标,采用超声微波协同提取百香果干果皮果胶,利用响应面分析法优化其工艺条件。结果表明,百香果皮果胶超声微波协同提取的最佳工艺参数为:液料比30 mL/g,pH 2.0,温度50 ℃,水浴60 min,超声功率50 W、微波功率600 W、超声-微波时间8.0 min,在此条件下,果胶得率可达(12.14±0.06)%。超声-微波协同法的提取效果与单独水提、超声、微波法的相比,得率分别提高了47.33%、34.74%和23.50%,3种提取方法的酯化度均≥50%,其说明百香果皮果胶属于高甲氧基果胶。扫描电镜结果显示,百香果皮细胞壁在超声微波协同作用下破碎更为彻底,利于果胶溶出。

关键词:百香果皮;果胶;超声-微波协同提取;扫描电镜

中图分类号:S667.9      文献标识码:A

Abstract: The extracting rate of the pectin was used as the analytical index, and the ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of dried fruit peel pectin from passion fruit was optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimum process parameters of the ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of the peel of passion fruit were obtained, namely liquid to material ratio 30 mL/g, pH 2.0, temperature 50 ℃, water bath 60 min, ultrasonic power 50 W, microwave power 600 W, ultrasonic-microwave time 8.0 min. Under the condition, the yield of pectin could reach (12.14±0.06)%. Compared with water extraction, ultrasonic and microwave methods, the extraction rate of ultrasonic-microwave synergy method increased by 47.33%, 34.74% and 23.50%, respectively. The esterification degree of the four extraction methods was≥50%, indicating that the peel pectin of passion fruit was a high methoxyl onein. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell wall of the fruit peel was broken more thoroughly under the synergistic effect of ultrasound-microwave, which was beneficial to the dissolution of pectin.

Keywords: peel of Passiflora edulis; pectin; ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction; scanning electron microscopy

百香果(Passiflora edulis Sims.)又名西番蓮、鸡蛋果,为半木质藤本攀缘或多年生常绿草质植物,在我国台湾、海南、广东、福建等地种植历史较长,并产生了一定的商业规模。其富含果胶、多糖、黄酮类、生物碱类、多酚类、维生素A和C、膳食纤维以及矿物Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Se、K等160多种有益成份,具有生津止渴、护肤养颜、化痰止咳、防癌抗衰、安神抗焦虑、抗炎抑菌等多种医药保健功效,因而也被誉为“果中之王”[1-4]。

百香果种植业的迅速发展,但随之带来百香果鲜果价格下降和售卖难等问题,且百香果皮水分含量高,贮藏困难、易腐烂变质等问题也存在。此外,整个百香果鲜果中,果皮约占50%~55%。但现阶段国内加工企业对百香果的产品开发主要集中在果肉饮料加工,利用百香果皮所生产的制品受限于技术等原因,主要是初加工产品,如果脯、果酱及蜜饯类等食品,产品种类单一,生产总量少,加工水平较低,附加值也不高。……

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