外源氯化钙对低温胁迫下胡椒抗寒生理指标的影响
2020-03-23伍宝朵唐虎胡丽松范睿杨建峰周艳飞郝朝运
伍宝朵 唐虎 胡丽松 范睿 杨建峰 周艳飞 郝朝运



摘 要:以中国胡椒主栽品种‘热引1号胡椒为材料,设置4个不同浓度氯化钙(7、14、21、28 mmol/L)处理,以去离子水为对照,低温胁迫4 d(10 ℃/5 ℃,12 h/12 h),恢复培养6 d(28 ℃/20 ℃,12 h/12 h),观察表型并测定各处理的光合参数、抗氧化酶活性及渗透性物质含量变化情况。结果表明:7 mmol/L氯化钙处理胡椒可以改善寒害表型,随氯化钙浓度升高寒害表型逐渐加重;外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著改善胡椒的净光合速率,随氯化钙浓度升高,净光合速率越来越低,氯化钙浓度过高时(达到28 mmol/L)净光合速率低于CK;与CK相比,外施7 mmol/L氯化钙能够显著提高抗氧化酶活性、增加可溶性糖含量、降低丙二醛含量。随处理浓度升高,抗氧化酶活性和可溶性糖含量越来越低,丙二醛含量越来越高。本研究结果为胡椒生产上抗寒技术指导和抗寒分子育种提供了参考。
关键词:‘热引1号胡椒;氯化钙;低温胁迫
中图分类号:Q949.732.3 文献标识码:A
Abstract: Piper nigrum cv. Reyin1 is widely planted in China and is sensitive to cold stress. Five different concentrations of calcium chloride treatments including 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 mmol/L were set to spray black pepper. All the materials were treated with low temperature (10 ℃/5 ℃, 12 h/12 h) for four days and recovery training (28 ℃/20 ℃, 12 h/12 h) for six days. The phenotype and physiological indexes were analyzed. Calcium chloride treatment of 7 mmol/L could improve the cold damage phenotype and net photosynthetic rate of black pepper. With Ca2+ concentration increasing, the cold damage phenotype gradually aggravated and net photosynthetic rate became lower. Compared with CK, the 7 mmol/L Ca2+ treatment could significantly improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increase the soluble sugar content and reduce the malondialdehyde content. With the Ca2+ treatment concentration increasing, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the soluble sugar content became lower, and the malondialdehyde content became higher. The results would provide a reference for cold resistance technical guidance and cold resistance molecular breeding in black pepper production.
Keywords: Piper nigrum cv. Reyin1; calcium chloride; cold stress
胡椒(Piper nigurm)是胡椒屬(Piper)多年生常绿藤本植物,素有“香料之王”的美誉,是世界最重要的香辛料作物[1]。中国胡椒主要分布在海南、云南、广东、广西和福建等省(区),种植面积近3万hm2,年产约3.60万t,居世界第5[2]。随着人们生活水平的提高,现在国内胡椒年消费量以20%速度上涨。近年来,由于胡椒种植综合效益高、发展前景好,政府和百姓种植胡椒积极性很高,云南、广西等省区胡椒种植面积发展迅速[3-4]。栽培种胡椒起源并长期种植于热带、南亚热带地区,抗寒能力较弱。通过多年田间调查和生理生化指标测定,在栽培胡椒种内未鉴定出抗寒种质。……
