吕 超 贾凤伶 秦 静 孙国兴

摘    要：農作物秸秆、畜禽粪便等农业废弃物已成为农业农村面源污染的主要来源。为进一步了解我国农业废弃物处理现状，本研究采取问卷调查的方法，针对农户、农业规模化经营组织及生物质能生产企业生产决策者的主体行为进行了深入调查。结果表明，我国农业废弃物的综合利用有了一定进展，炊事用液化气等清洁能源在农村得到了普遍推广，但农户对农业废弃物综合利用的意识仍然较差，大部分地区仍以秸秆进行炊事、冬季采用燃煤取暖为主，秸秆规模产区多用于粉碎还田。农业生产者与生物质能企业之间缺乏有效沟通，是导致生物质能企业不可持续的重要原因。为保持生物质能生产企业原料充足，农户与生物质能生产企业之间通过第三方建立契约关系，将成为必然。最后，本文在构建政府、农户、企业三方责任主体对农业废弃物处理的社会责任体系的基础上，从政府、农户和企业三个视角的11个方面提出了对策建议。

关键词：新型农业经营主体;农业废弃物;秸秆;畜禽粪便;社会责任

中图分类号：F323.22           文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.008

Discussion on the Social Responsibility of Government， Enterprises and Farmers for Agricultural Waste Disposal： Based on the Survey of 400 Farmers and 12 Enterprises in China

LYU Chao1， JIA Fengling1，QIN Jing2， SUN Guoxing1

（1.Tianjin Institute of Rural Economy and Regional Planning，Tianjin 300192， China; 2. College of Humanities， Tianjin Agricultural Unirersity， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract：Agricultural waste， such as crop straw and livestock manure， has become the main source of non-point source pollution in agricultural and rural areas. In order to further understand the status of agricultural waste treatment in China， a questionnaire survey was conducted in this study to investigate the main body behavior of farmers， large-scale agricultural operation organizations and producers of biomass energy producers. The results show that in our country， the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes has made a certain progress， and liquefied gas and other clean energy in rural areas has also been widely used for cooking， but farmers and agricultural management organization still have a poor awareness of the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes; in most areas， straw is still used for cooking， and heating by coal is mainly used in winter， and the production area of straw scale is mostly used for smashing and returning to the field .the lack of effective communication between the agricultural producers and the biomass energy enterprises is an important reason for the unsustainable development of the biomass energy enterprises. In order to maintain enough raw materials for biomass energy production enterprises， it is inevitable to establish contractual relationship between agricultural producers and biomass energy producers through third parties. Finally， based on the construction of the social responsibility system of the government， farmers and enterprises， this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from 11 perspectives of government， farmers and enterprises.

Key words： new type of agricultural management; agricultural waste; straw; livestock manure; social responsibility

从社会学角度讲，社会责任是自然和社会对人类的客观要求，是社会整体和谐的基本保证[1]。人是社会组成的最基本单元，人的各种社会活动对自然环境和社会文化产生了巨大影响，同时也要承担相应责任。农业是我国基础产业，在生产过程中会产生大量的农业废弃物。……