时振宇 陈 健 贾 凯 程云霞 刘迁杰 崔拥民 吴 慧

摘    要：為了筛选出适宜黄瓜和番茄幼苗生长的最佳复合基质配比，本研究将充分腐熟的番茄秸秆与椰糠、有机肥、沙子按照不同体积比配成复合基质，采用随机区组的方法，设置7个处理和一个对照，以黄瓜‘中蔬128和番茄‘欧官为试验材料进行育苗试验。结果表明，不同配比基质对黄瓜和番茄幼苗的生长影响显著，其中，T2（番茄秸秆∶椰糠∶有机肥∶沙子=4∶13∶1∶1）处理条件下黄瓜幼苗的地下鲜质量、地下干质量、根冠比、壮苗指数、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较其他处理有显著的提高且均优于对照;处理T6（番茄秸秆∶椰糠∶有机肥∶沙子=12∶5∶1∶1）的番茄幼苗在株高、茎粗、壮苗指数、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖方面均优于对照。综合幼苗生长指标及品质可得出，最适宜黄瓜苗生长的复合基质是处理T2（番茄秸秆∶椰糠∶有机肥∶沙子=4∶13∶1∶1）。最适宜番茄幼苗生长的复合基质是处理T6（番茄秸秆∶椰糠∶有机肥∶沙子=12∶5∶1∶1）。

关键词：复配基质;番茄秸秆;黄瓜;番茄;幼苗生长

中图分类号：S642.2;S641.2         文献标识码：A            DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.01.016

Effects of Different Proportioning Substrates on the Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Tomato Seedlings

SHI Zhenyu1， CHEN Jian2， JIA Kai1， CHENG Yunxia1， LIU Qianjie1， CUI Yongmin3， WU Hui1

（1.College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830052， China; 2.Agricultural Science & Technology Extension Center of Hetian Prefecure， Hetian， Xinjiang 848000， China; 3.Xinjiang Shatian Agricultrtal Comprehensive Development Company Limited， Hetian， Xinjiang 848000， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out the best composite matrix ratio suitable for cucumber and tomato seedling growth， the fully decomposed tomato straw was mixed with coconut bran， organic fertilizer and sand according to different proportions. The experiment was carried out by randomized block method. Seven treatments and one control check were used to test the seedlings with 'Zhongshu 128' cucumber and 'Ouguan' tomato as test materials. Different proportions of substrate had a great influence on the growth of cucumber and tomato seedlings. The fresh root weight， dry root weight， seedling index， soluble sugar and soluble protein of T2 （tomato straw∶coconut bran∶organic fertilizer∶ sand=4∶13∶1∶1） were significantly improved， which were better than the control. Treatment of T6 （tomato straw∶coconut bran∶organic fertilizer∶sand=12∶5∶1∶1） had a great influence on tomato growth. It was superior to the control in plant height， stem diameter， seedling index， soluble protein and soluble sugar. Through the analysis of growth index and quality of cucumber seedlings， it was concluded that the best composite matrix ratio for cucumber seedling growth was treatment T2（tomato straw∶coconut bran∶organic fertilizer∶sand=4∶13∶1∶1）. The best composite matrix ratio for tomato seedling growth was T6（tomato straw∶coconut bran∶ organic fertilizer： sand=12∶5∶1∶1）.

Key words： compound matrix; tomato straw; cucumber; tomato; seedling growth

黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.），属葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）甜瓜属（Cucumis）植物，是我国四季主要蔬菜。番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum M.），别称为西红柿，茄科（Solanaceae）番茄属（Lycopersicon）一年生或多年生草本植物，果实营养丰富，深受广大消费者的喜爱。在黄瓜、番茄生产过程中大多采用育苗移栽的方式进行，而育苗基质理化性质的优劣关系到能否培育出健壮的黄瓜、番茄幼苗。草炭及椰糠等作为主要的育苗基质材料虽然理化性质优秀，但对于路途较远的新疆来说，存在运输不便、价格昂贵等问题。……