周铁 马小川 唐超兰 吕壁纹 陈沙 龙立长 肖海卫 刘永忠 谢深喜 卢晓鹏

摘要：【目的】探究果實膨大期干旱对冰糖橙果实品质的影响，为改善和提高冰糖橙果实品质提供理论依据。【方法】以枳砧冰糖橙为研究对象，于2018年调查湖南省冰糖橙主产区郴州市永兴县及怀化市的麻阳县和洪江市的降水量情况，选取3个取样地灌溉和无灌溉果园开展对比试验;永兴无灌溉果园记为CK正常，永兴有滴灌果园记为灌溉果园（正常+滴灌），麻阳和洪江无灌溉果园记为CK干旱，麻阳和洪江有灌溉果园记为抗旱果园（干旱+滴灌），分析果园不同气候条件及不同水分条件下果实从膨大期至成熟期的纵横径、单果重、可溶性固形物（TSS）、总酸、糖组分和酸组分的差异。【结果】冰糖橙产区降水的时空分布明显不均，2018年冰糖橙果实膨大期7—9月郴州产区雨水较充沛，降水量约364.0 mm;而怀化产区干旱少雨，果实膨大期降水量约217.7 mm，仅占全年降水量的17.2%，直接影响冰糖橙果实的膨大。郴州永兴产区有、无灌溉果园果实都充分膨大，果实多为62～68 mm饱满的中型果，外在品质指标在各时期均无显著差异（P>0.05）;怀化产区干旱无灌溉条件下（CK干旱）果实显著减小（P<0.05，下同），大小较抗旱果园下降约20%，果实直径多为55 mm以下，占果实总量的66%～80%。郴州产区果实TSS含量在14.0 oBrix左右，酸含量分别为0.63%和0.68%，固酸比分别为24.0和21.2，果实内在品质无明显差异;怀化产区CK干旱果实TSS含量略微上升、柠檬酸含量显著升高，葡萄糖和果糖快速积累，果实成熟期TSS较抗旱果园上升8.5%～10.2%，柠檬酸升高34.1%～40.9%，固酸比低于抗旱果园26.4%～34.7%，果实品质显著下降。【结论】果实膨大期持续干旱后会对果实品质产生不可逆影响，主要表现为果实变小、产量下降和酸度升高。果实膨大期水分匮乏是制约冰糖橙果实良好品质形成的重要因素，该时期灌溉对提高果实品质和增产增收至关重要。

关键词： 果实膨大期;干旱;果实品质;冰糖橙

中图分类号：S666.4                        文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2020）10-2507-08

Effects of drought stress at fruit enlargement stage on fruit quality of Bingtang orange

ZHOU Tie1，2， MA Xiao-chuan1，2， TANG Chao-lan1，2， LYU Bi-wen1，2， CHEN Sha1，2，

LONG Li-chang3， XIAO Hai-wei3， LIU Yong-zhong4， XIE Shen-xi1，2， LU Xiao-peng1，2*

（1College of Horticulture and Landscape， Hunan Agriculture University， Changsha 410128， China; 2National Center of Citrus Improvement Changsha， Changsha  410128， China; 3Hongjiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau， Hongjiang， Hunan 418200， China; 4College of Horticulture and Forestry Science， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan  43000， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to provide reference for improving Bingtang orange（Citrus sinensis Osbeck）  quality， effects of drought at fruit enlargement stage on fruit quality of Bingtang orange was studied. 【Method】Bingtang orange was research object. Precipitation in Hunan Bingtang orange main producing areas Yongxing of Chenzhou， Mayang and Hongjiang of Huaihua， and three irrigated orchards and non-irrigated orchards were sampled to conduct comparison expe-riment. Yongxing irrigated orchard was CKnormal， and drip irrigation orchard in Yongxing was irrigated orchard（normal+drip irrigation）， and non-irrigated orchards in Mayang and Hongjiang were CKdrought， irrigated orchards in Mayang and Hongjiang were drought resistance orchard（drought+drip irrigation）. Analyze the differences in the horizontal and vertical diameters， single fruit weight， soluble solids（TSS）， total acid， sugar component and acid component of the fruit from the enlargement stage to the ripe stage under different climates and water management conditions. 【Result】The regional distribution of precipitation was uneven in Bingtang orange production areas. In 2018， the Bingtang orange fruit enlargement stage was from July to September in Chenzhou production area with abundant rain， with precipitation of about 364.0 mm. However， the Huaihua production area was dry and less rainy. The precipitation during the fruit expansion pe-riod was about 217.7 mm， accounting for only 17.2% of the annual precipitation， which directly affected the enlargement of the Bingtang orange fruit. In Yongxing production area irrigated orchards and non-irrigated orchard， the fruits were fully enlarged， and the fruits were mostly 62-68 mm plump and medium-sized fruits. There was no significant difference in external quality indicators at each stage（P>0.05）. In Huaihua production area under drought and non-irrigation conditions（CKdrought）， the fruit was significantly reduced（P<0.05，the same below）， the size was reduced by about 20% compared with the drought resistance orchard， and the fruit diameter was mostly below 55 mm， accounting for 66%-80% of the total fruit. The TSS content of the fruits in Chenzhou production area was about 14.0 °Brix， the acid contents were 0.63% and 0.68%， and the solid-to-acid ratio were 24.0 and 21.2， respectively. There was no great difference in the internal fruit quality. The TSS content of CKdrought fruits in Huaihua production area increased slightly， and the citric acid content increased significantly. Glucose and fructose accumulated rapidly. TSS during fruit ripening period increased by about 8.5%-10.2% compared with drought resistance orchard， and citric acid increased by about 34.1%-40.9%， the solid-to-acid ratio was about 26.4%-34.7% lower than the drought resistance orchard， and the fruit quality was significantly reduced. 【Conclusion】Continuous drought at fruit enlargement stage damages fruit quality irreversibly including fruit-size and yield decreases and acidity increase. Water deficiency at fruit enlargement stage is an important factor restricting Bingtang orange fruit quality. Reasonable irrigation at Bingtang orange enlargement stage helps improvement in fruit quality and yield.

Key words： fruit enlargement stage; drought; fruit quality; Bingtang orange

Foundation item： National Key Research and Development Program（2019YFD1000100）; National Natural Science Foundation of China（31872044）; National Citrus Industry Technology System Project（CARS-26）; Hunan Natural Science Foundation （2018JJ3232）

0 引言

【研究意义】冰糖橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck）又名冰糖柑，原产湖南洪江市原黔阳县，因其果实甜脆多汁、化渣、无核或极少核、可溶性固形物含量高、风味好等成为我国特色地方甜橙品种之一（吴倩等，2017）。20……