APP下载

废旧锂离子电池资源化技术现状与前景分析

2020-01-21任亚琦吕怿滢肖秀婵李玺邓浩叶仲斌

成都工业学院学报 2020年4期

任亚琦 吕怿滢 肖秀婵 李玺 邓浩 叶仲斌

摘要:锂离子电池的发展仍处于快速增长期,但电池报废后不仅会带来严重的环保隐患,同时也蕴藏着巨大的资源化商机,因此,规范、科学处置废旧锂离子电池具有重要的环保意义和经济价值。我国作为全球最大的锂离子电池生产、消费和出口国,在废旧电池资源化方面拥有巨大的市场潜力。在论述当前锂离子电池的发展现状、组成和回收意义基础上,重点介绍对废旧电池的梯次利用和材料回收再生2种处置方法以及现有回收体系的不足,并提出未来的发展方向。

关键词:废旧锂离子电池;回收;梯次利用;材料再生

中图分类号:X705文献标志码:A

文章编号:2095-5383(2020)04-0001-06

Technological Analysis in Recycling Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

REN Yaqi, LV Yiying, XIAO Xiuchan, LI Xi, DENG Hao, YE Zhongbin

(School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China)

Abstract: The development of lithium-ion batteries is still in a period of rapid growth. However, after the batteries scrapped, it will not only bring serious hidden dangers to the environment, but also contain huge business opportunities for resource utilization. Therefore, the scientific disposal of spent lithium ion battery has important environmental protection significance and economic value. As the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of lithium-ion batteries, China has huge market potential in the recycling of used batteries. Based on the discussion of the development status, composition and recycling significance of lithium ion batteries, the two disposal methods of cascade utilization of waste batteries and material recycling and regeneration were emphatically introduced; some problems existing in the current recycling system were discussed; and the development direction in the future was proposed.

Keywords:

spent lithium-ion batteries; recycle; gradient utilization; material regeneration

锂离子电池(LIB)具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、无记忆效应等优点,自1991年商业化以来[1],越来越受到消费电子产品的欢迎。目前我国是全球最大的LIB生产、消费和出口国,2014年我国生产的消费类锂离子电池已達到了23.8 GWh。同时自2015年起,在国家一系列的政策支持和经济补贴下,新能源汽车异军突起,对LIB的需求量迅猛增加,同时也促成了动力LIB领域的蓬勃发展。2016年我国新能源汽车销量达50.7万辆、保有量超过100万辆,占全球市场保有量的50%,预计到2020年累计销量将超过500万辆。中华人民共和国工业和信息化部2019年12月出台的《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)》(征求意见稿)中指出,2021年起,国家生态文明试验区、大气污染防治重点区域公共领域新增或更新用车全部使用新能源汽车。……

登录APP查看全文