小分子有机酸对土壤中多环芳烃环境行为影响的研究进展
2020-01-07袁月
袁月


摘 要:土壤中的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)作为一类具有“三致”效应的疏水性有機污染物,能在土壤中长时间稳定的存在并且很难被降解。PAHs的环境行为取决于它们与土壤不同组分之间的相互作用,作为土壤中根系分泌物主要组分的小分子有机酸(low molecular weight organic acids,LMWOAs)能通过对土壤环境的影响进而影响PAHs的环境行为。综述了LMWOAs对土壤中PAHs吸附-解吸和“老化”等环境行为的影响,讨论了LMWOAs通过对土壤有机质、土壤结构及土壤微生物等的作用而影响PAHs的环境行为。通过综述该领域近年的研究成果,指出了现有研究中的不足,并展望了今后的研究趋势,有利于推动对PAHs污染土壤的有效治理。
关键词:小分子有机酸;多环芳烃;土壤有机质;土壤结构;土壤微生物
中图分类号:X53 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2020)10-0062-08
DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2020.10.011
Abstract: As a group of hydrophobic organic pollutants with ″three genicity″ effects, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil can exist steadily for a long time and are difficult to be degraded. The environmental behavior of PAHs depends on their interaction with different soil components. Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), as the main components of root exudate in soil, can affect the environmental behavior of PAHs by influencing the soil environment. The effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the environmental behaviors of PAHs in soil such as adsorption-desorption, and aging were reviewed. LMWOAs affecting the environmental behaviors of PAHs through their effects on soil organic matter, soil structure and soil microorganisms were discussed. By summarizing the research achievements in this field in recent years, the deficiencies of the existing research were pointed out and the research trend in the future was forecasted, which would be helpful to promote the effective treatment of PAHs contaminated soil.
Key words: Low-molecular-weight organic acids;Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;Soil organic matter;Soil structure;Soil microorganism
多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是由两个或两个以上的苯环稠合形成的一类疏水性有机化合物,其化学性质稳定且易吸附于固体颗粒,一些PAHs化合物在环境中具有持久性[1-2]。人类活动(如化石燃料的不完全燃烧、汽车尾气排放以及原油的泄漏等)是环境中PAHs的主要来源[3]。土壤是PAHs的一个主要陆地储存库,2014年4月17日我国环境保护部和国土资源部发布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中指出,PAHs的点位超标率为1.4%。PAHs进入土壤后会发生一系列物理、化学和生物过程,包括吸附-解吸、微生物降解等[4-5]。土壤有机质、溶解性有机质、土壤组成与空间结构等多种环境因素都会对土壤中PAHs的环境行为产生影响[6-7]。土壤中PAHs的吸附解吸和“老化”等环境行为主要受土壤有机质(SOM)的含量和质量以及团聚体结构特征等因素的影响;而微生物活性则是影响土壤中PAHs去除的一个直接因素[8]。……
