航拍测量技术在高标准农田建设项目中的应用研究
2020-01-07郑文昭
摘 要:粮食安全问题一直是我国政府关注的头等大事。我国的高标准农田建设自提出以来,就面临着许多难题,如建设时间紧、任务重、规划难度高等。高标准农田建设项目的规划是建设当中需要关注的重点,科学的规划对建设高标准农田具有重要推动作用。无人机等航拍器的发展为建设高标准农田提供了技术支持,在对项目的勘测、绘制的过程中,发挥着重要作用。该文主要从高标准农田建设项目中的地形测绘出发,对其要求进行深入分析,并提出航拍测量技术在高标准农田建设当中应用的方法。
关键词:航拍测量技术 高标准农田 建设 研究
中图分类号:P258 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2020)11(c)-0251-03
Application of Aerial Photogrammetry Technology in High Standard Farmland Construction Project
ZHENG Wenzhao
(Fujian Xinguodi Land Planning and Design Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350011 China)
Abstract: Food security has always been the top priority of the Chinese government. The construction of high standard farmland in China has been faced with many problems since it was put forward, such as tight construction time, heavy tasks and high difficulty in planning. The planning of high standard farmland construction project is the focus of construction, and scientific planning plays an important role in promoting the construction of high standard farmland. The development of aerial cameras such as UAV provides technical support for the construction of high standard farmland, and plays an important role in the process of project survey and mapping. In this paper, starting from the topographic mapping of high standard farmland construction project, the requirements are analyzed in depth, and the application method of aerial photogrammetry technology in high standard farmland construction is proposed.
Key Words: Aerial photogrammetry technology; High standard farmland; Construction; Research
1 高標准农田建设项目规划设计的要求
1.1 坐标系统及成图精度
(1)坐标系统。坐标系统在选择的时候要注意平面坐标系统与高程坐标系统的区别。平面坐标系统和高程坐标系统要根据国家的要求,采用适合的坐标基准。投影时需采用高斯-克吕格投影,按照3°进行分带。
(2)地形、困难类别和成图比例尺。首先,在设计农田的建设图纸的过程中,需要关注测量区域当地的地形,通过对山地、平底、斜坡、丘陵等不同地形的合理划分,合理计算施工工程量与工程难度。其次,选择合适的成图比例尺,比例尺选择标准要根据当地建设面积合理选择,等高距选择基本为1 m。
(3)成图精度。选择好成图比例尺后,需要控制成图精度,控制平面图中各点之间的误差,平底、丘陵地区的误差要不大于图上标注的±6 mm;林区及无法进行航拍的阴影地区的误差可按照需要,按规定放宽,一般可以2倍为最大误差,并根据实际情况进行调整;山地地区的误差需要控制在±8 mm。……
