不同消融体系对土壤中重金属的测定实验研究
2019-12-13张艳玲席志军
张艳玲 席志军


摘 要: 针对当前土壤中镉和铅超标给人体带来的危害,加强对土壤中镉和铅等重金属的测定,是当前化学领域研究的重点。重点从消解体系的角度探讨了不同消解体系下对基于原子荧光光度法测定重金属离子含量的影响。结果表明,采用HNO3-HF-HClO4消解体系得到的铅、镉等重金属的值最大,最接近标准值,同时HNO3、HF、HClO4用量分别为4、3、1 mL的情况下,酸的用量最小。由此表明HNO3-HF-HClO4消解体系在测定土壤中重金属量的方案可行。
关 键 词:消融体系;原子荧光关度法;土壤;重金属
中图分类号:TQ 016 文献标识码: A 文章編号: 1671-0460(2019)08-1898-04
Abstract: In view of the harm caused by excessive cadmium and lead in soil to human body, it is the focus of current chemical research to strengthen the determination of cadmium and lead in soil. In this paper, the influence of different digestion systems on the determination of heavy metal ions by atomic fluorescence spectrometry was investigated. The results showed that the determination values of lead and cadmium obtained byHNO3-HF-HClO4 digestion system were the highest and the nearest to the standard values, and the acid consumption was the lowest when HNO 3, HF and HClO4 dosages were 4, 3 and 1 mL, which indicated that the HNO 3-HF-HClO4 digestion system is feasible for the determination of heavy metals in soil.Key words: Digestion system; Atomic fluorescence correlation method; Soil; Heavy metals
在当前自然环境保护形势日趋严峻的情况下,重金属污染已成为非常严重的环境问题,一旦土壤中的重金属超标,将给人和动植物带来不可估量的后果。因此,加强对土壤中重金属含量的检测,是做好土壤重金属防治的首要环节。研究认为,土壤中重金属之所以超标,是因为工业废水排放、缺乏污染防范意识等造成。而在自然环境下,铅和镉通常是以化合物的方式存在,并且在土壤中的含量也非常低。但是当铅和镉在进入到动植物内后,层层富集,一旦积累过多,就会给包括人体在内的带来严重的危害。如镉会在人体中形成镉硫蛋白,并在肝脏和肾脏中聚集。少量的Cd2 +会导致肾功能失调,或者是高血压疾病等[1,2]。同时Pb2 +在进入到人体以后,进入血液,并侵入大脑,对大脑神经中枢进行破坏,最终造成大脑供氧不足。如孕妇积累过多,则会影响胎儿的发育。……
