陈先初 胡慧娥

[摘 要]魏源“师夷长技以制夷”思想，受多方因素的启发，不仅源于其对传统对外理念的承继与发扬，也受到林则徐的直接启迪，而在辑录外国史地资料时，他的这一思想亦深受西方对外理念的影响。“夷之长技”虽然主要是指近代西方的武器装备、先进科学技术及养兵练兵之法，但也包括其文教以及政制。魏源“师长”说提出后受到时人关注，产生了一定社会影响，“师长”说在其师友群中有较大回响，也受到“达官贵人”的关注，甚至已波及到朝廷。洋务运动以来，其影响更为深远。

[关键词]魏源;“师夷长技以制夷”;《海国图志》;《圣武记》

[中图分类号] K252[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008—1763（2019）05—0113—07

Abstract：Wei Yuans theory of “learning from the advanced countries to compete with them” is inspired by many factors， not only derived from his inheritance and development of traditional foreign ideas， but also directly inspired by Lin Zexu. When compiling foreign historical and geographical data， his thought was also deeply influenced by western  ideas.  Although it mainly refers to modern western weapons and equipments， advanced technology and military training methods， it also includes its culture， education and political system. Wei Yuans theory of “learning from the advanced countries to compete with them” had been paid attention to by  the people of the time and had produced some social influence. It had a great echo among his teachers and friends  and  the "dignitaries"， even to the imperial court. Since the Westernization Movement， its influence has been more far-reaching.

Key words： Wei Yuan; the Theory of “Learning from the Advanced Countries to Compete with Them”; Maps and Records of the World; Sheng Wuji

魏源“師夷长技以制夷”思想历来受到学界关注。已有研究大多聚焦“师长”说的影响，尤其是对日本明治维新以及后世的影响。近些年来，人们将其与中国改革开放联系起来进行思考，研究视野更加开阔，魏源思想的独特价值愈来愈受到重视。刘泱泱、郭汉民等编：《魏源与近代中国改革开放》，长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，1995;彭大成、韩秀珍著：《魏源与西学东渐——中国走向近代化的艰难历程》，长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，2005;刘兴豪著：《魏源与中国近代化的早期进展》，北京：光明日报出版社，2017.尽管如此，有关魏源“师长”说的研究，在某些方面仍然不够。本文拟就此作进一步探讨。

一 “师长”说的思想来源

魏源在《海国图志》五十卷本的叙言中提出：“是书何以作？曰：为以夷攻夷而作，为以夷款夷而作，为师夷长技以制夷而作。……