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超声电机变摩擦三向接触模型的输出特性分析

2019-11-04柳江滕杨磊王政皓张业刘双双

电机与控制学报 2019年9期

柳江 滕杨磊 王政皓 张业 刘双双

摘要:针对传统电机的纯滑动平面接触模型分析结果与行波超声电机定转子接触面表现出的实际输出特性存在一定偏差的问题,利用摩擦形变角来阐述定转子在接触面不同性质的摩擦状态,据此分析两者相对运动趋势,并提出一种异于传统纯滑动摩擦状态平面接触模型的变摩擦三向接触模型;在该模型的基础上,构建定转子在接触面的运动、受力及能量损耗状况的数学模型,通过MATLAB仿真获得电机驱动力矩、接触点切向速度以及电机输出效率,计算摩擦界面效率等参数随定转子间距变化的特性曲线,并利用测功机通过实验验证,与传统模型相比,所述模型更加准确地反映了电机的实际工况。

关键词:行波超声电机;接触面三向空间模型;变摩擦;摩擦界面输出效率

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2019.09.015

中图分类号:TM 301.3

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1007-449X(2019)09-0115-08

Output characteristic analysis for ultrasonic motors with  variable friction spatial contact model

LIU Jiang,TENG Yang lei,WANG Zheng hao,ZHANG Ye,LIU Shuang shuang

(School of Automobile and Traffic, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China)

Abstract:

For a traveling wave ultrasonic motor, the contact between the stator and the rotor is usually described by the plane contact model with a simple sliding. But the theoretical analysis using this traditional model may have an inevitable deviation from the motor′s real output. Therefore, a variable friction spatial contact model is proposed. The friction deformation angle was used to define the friction state in different contact properties. By the kinematics and dynamics analysis on this 3 dimensional model, the mathematical functions for the motion, force and energy loss were derived. Using software MATLAB, the motor′s drive torque, the tangential velocity on the contact point, and the output efficiency were simulated. Besides, the relationship between the friction interface efficiency and the stator rotor distance was analyzed. The test results indicate, that this new model offers a more accurate reflection to the motor′s actual working condition than the traditional one.

Keywords:Traveling wave ultrasonic motor; variable friction spatial contact model;variable friction;efficiency of the friction interface

0引言

超声电机工作原理是利用压电材料的逆压电效应将电能转化成弹性体的机械能。它与传统电磁电机相比,具有转矩密度大、功率密度高、结构紧凑、定位精度高、响应速度快等众多优点。基于此,超声电机在航空航天、光纤通信、科学仪器、微机电系统等领域具有广阔的发展前景。目前绝大多数超声电机的动力传递都是通过接触面将定子的微观振动转化为转子的宏观运动来实现。因此,定子和转子接触表面的摩擦层的输出特性对于超声电机的性能来说尤为关键。

1993年Hiroshi Hirata等 在国际上首次提出了行波超声电机定转子摩擦层的平面接触模型,极大的简化了定转子接触面运动及受力的分析过程。……

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